摘要
老舍世界主义思想的形成和他1920—1940年代在英国、南洋和美国的三次异域经历和体验密切相关。五年的英伦经历赋予了老舍放眼看世界的眼光,以及对一种具有普遍性的现代价值观的接受,同时身处异邦的弱国子民境遇又催生了他的国家意识及对西方人的东方主义思维的高度警惕。南洋经历让老舍东西方文化双向批判的思路增加了“南洋”维度,他一方面以孩童视角中的新南洋颠覆了西方人的东方主义式书写,另一方面也有意识地去建构一个以东方弱小民族的联合为主体的理想的东方世界,这也成为老舍世界主义思想形成的一个重要阶段;40年代的抗战和战后的访美经历,让老舍既开始对理想的东方世界是否可能存续发生怀疑,又深刻体会到冷战背景下东西方阵营对垒背后的意识形态力量,进而意识到要超越冷战思维追求人类社会和谐平等相处的必要性,至此老舍已经建构起了以国家意识为底色,以文化审视和文化重造为途径,以承认人类间的差异,并以人类的和平共存为最终目标的世界主义思想。
The formation of Lao She’s cosmopolitanism is closely related to his three exotic experiences in Britain,Nanyang and the United States spanning from 1920 to 1940.The British experience gave Lao She a sense of universal modern values,while his experience as a person from a weak country fostered in him the national consciousness and a wariness towards Orientalism.The experience in Nanyang added the dimension of“Nanyang”to his thought of two-way criticism of eastern and western cultures.This Nanyang period also saw him overthrowing the orientalist writing of Westerners with a New Nanyang from the perspective of children.This marks an important stage in the formation of Lao She’s cosmopolitanism.At the same time,he consciously constructed an ideal Eastern world with the union of weak eastern nations as the main body.The 1940s’Anti-Japanese War and his post-war visit to the U.S.made him doubt whether an ideal oriental world would continue to exist and keenly aware of the ideological force behind the confrontation between the Eastern and Western camps in the context of Cold War.As a result,he came to realize the necessity of pursuing harmonious and equal coexistence of human society.At this point,Lao She constructed his cosmopolitanism,which took national consciousness as the foundation,cultural criticism and reconstruction as the approach,recognized the differences among human beings,and took the peaceful coexistence of human beings as the ultimate goal.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期93-102,152,共11页
Journal of Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“晚清来华传教士的汉语观之变迁及影响研究”(项目编号:21YJA751007)的阶段性成果。
关键词
老舍
异域体验
世界主义
Lao She
Exotic Experiences
Cosmopolitanism
作者简介
凤媛,华东师范大学中文系教授。
