摘要
近十余年来,美国国内以白人至上主义、反联邦政府主义和文化保守主义为主要意识形态的极右翼暴力事件激增。美国极右翼暴力活动具有以“独狼”为袭击主体、以互联网为激进化平台、现役或退役军人参与比例高、袭击目标与意识形态高度相关等特点。美国极右翼暴力活动的兴起具有鲜明的政治逻辑:美国当前的国家大转型是宏观背景;右翼派别的分裂与极端化是中观机制;联邦政府对国内反恐关注不足以及共和党对极右翼暴力活动的庇护态度为其兴起提供了宽松的外部环境。拜登政府发布的首个国内反恐战略虽然充满雄心,但却面临重重挑战。未来美国极右翼暴力活动将长期存在,极右翼思想及其暴力偏好会不断渗透到主流社会之中,极右翼暴力活动与极左翼暴力活动恐将引发冲突螺旋,美国极右翼暴力活动与全球极右翼运动的联系愈趋紧密。
In the past decade or more,the extreme right-wing violence with white supremacy,anti-federalism and cultural conservatism as the main ideologies has surged in the United States.Far-right violence in the United States is characterized by“lone wolf”attacks,the use of Internet as a platform for radicalization,a high proportion of active or retired military personnel involved,and a high degree of ideological correlation with the targets of attacks.The rise of far-right violence in the United States has a distinct political logic:the current national transformation of the United States is the macro background;the split and radicalization of the right-wing is the meso mechanism;and the federal government’s scant attention to domestic counterterrorism and the Republican Party’s sheltering of far-right violence provide a permissive external environment for its rise.The Biden administration’s first domestic counterterrorism strategy,while ambitious,is fraught with challenges.In the future,the extreme right-wing violence will exist for a long time in the United States,and the far-right ideology and its preference for violence will continue to infiltrate into the mainstream society.It is feared that the extreme right-wing violence,together with the extreme left-wing violence,will trigger a spiral of conflict in the United States,and the extreme rightwing violence in the United States will be increasingly closely related with the global far-right movement.
作者
李依涵
武兵科
Li Yihan;Wu Bingke(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University;Research Center for the Silk Road Economic Belt of Lanzhou University)
出处
《和平与发展》
CSSCI
2023年第1期43-71,154,155,共31页
Peace and Development
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“多重危机和博弈加剧背景下的阿富汗安全形势及对策研究”(项目编号:21AGJ014)
“新冠肺炎疫情下暴力极端主义的发展动向及其治理研究”(项目编号:21AGJ005)
中央高校基本科研业务费(22lzujbkydx042)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
李依涵,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生;武兵科,兰州大学一带一路研究中心讲师、博士。
