摘要
【目的】研究种植密度对不同熟期西藏甘蓝型春油菜的生育期性状、生长动态和成熟期产量及农艺性状的影响,明确西藏高原农区甘蓝型春油菜的品系配置与高效增产效应。【方法】2019-2020年,选用早熟NY16、中熟NY28和晚熟NY523个不同熟期的甘蓝型春油菜品系,设置1.5×10^(5)(D1)、3.0×10^(5)(D2)、4.5×10^(5)(D3)、6.0×10^(5)(D4)和7.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D5)5种不同种植密度,共计15个处理,每处理重复3次。测定3个油菜品系在不同密度处理下的生育期性状、动态生长指标和成熟期产量及农艺性状,比较不同密度和品系的温度与光能利用效率,通过籽粒产量和光温利用效率确定合理的品系和密度配置。【结果】①随着种植密度增加,参试油菜品系营养生长阶段缩短,所需积温降低,从而导致整个生育期历时和所需积温减少;与早熟品系相比,中、晚熟品系的苗期和花期较长。②随着种植密度增加,参试品系的单株有效角果数和单株粒质量均有所降低,合理密植可弥补单株生产力降低造成的产量损失;早熟品系在不同密度下的平均籽粒产量为1634.96~2456.23 kg/hm^(2),并在7.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D5)种植密度达最大值;中、晚熟品系平均产量为1734.61~2809.74和1942.03~3108.22 kg/hm^(2),并在4.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D3)种植密度达最大值;③密度增加可加快甘蓝型春油菜生育前期茎秆的伸长,抽薹后,随着密度的增加株高和茎粗均降低,7.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D5)种植密度下油菜茎秆明显纤细。与早、中熟品系相比,晚熟品系对密度响应更明显。④合理密植可优化油菜的光温利用效率,其中早熟品系的光能和温度利用效率在7.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D5)种植密度下达最大值,分别为0.148 g/MJ,1.537 kg/(hm^(2)·℃);中、晚熟品系光能和温度利用效率均在4.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)(D3)密度下达最大值,分别为0.156 g/MJ,1.578 kg/(hm^(2)·℃)和0.163 g/MJ,1.638 kg/(hm^(2)·℃)。【结论】春油菜早熟品系密度为7.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2),中、晚熟品系密度为4.5×10^(5)株/hm^(2)时,其产量及光温利用效率达最大值。相同种植密度下,中、晚熟品系的光温利用占优势,在一定无霜期范围内,应充分协调生态条件与密度的关系,建议西藏地区应注重甘蓝型春油菜中、晚熟品系的选育与利用。
【Objective】To clarify line allocation and yield increasing effect of rapeseed(Brassica napus)in the agricultural area of Tibet Plateau,the effects of planting density on growth period characters,growth dynamics,yield and agronomic characters of spring rapeseed(Brassica napus)lines at different maturity stages were studied.【Method】From^(2)019 to 2020,three spring rapeseed lines at different maturity stages including early maturing line NY16,medium maturing line NY28 and late maturing line NY52 were selected.Five planting densities were 1.5×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)(D1),3.0×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)(D2),4.5×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)(D3),6.0×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)(D4)and 7.5×10^(5)plants/hm^(2)(D5).There were a total of 15 treatments with 3 replicates in each treatment.The growth characters,dynamic growth indexes,yield and agronomic characters at maturity of tested rapeseed were measured,and the temperature and light energy utilization efficiency was compared.The reasonable rapeseed lines and density allocation were determined based on grain yield and light/temperature utilization efficiency.【Result】①With the increase of density,the vegetative growth stage of tested rapeseed lines was shortened and required accumulated temperature decreased,resulting in the decrease of duration and required accumulated temperature of the whole growth period.Compared with early maturing lines,intermediate and late maturing lines had longer seedling and flowering stages.②With the increase of density,siliques number and grain weight per plant of tested rapeseed decreased.Reasonable planting density offset the yield loss caused by the decrease of productivity per plant.The average grain yields of early maturing lines at different densities were 1634.96-2456.23 kg/hm^(2)with the maximum in D5.The average yields of intermediate and late maturing lines were 1734.61-2809.74 kg/hm^(2)and 1942.03-3108.22 kg/hm^(2)with the maximum in D3.③Density increase accelerated stem elongation in early growth stage of tested rapeseed.After bolting,the plant height decreased with the increase of density.The increase of density also reduced the stem diameter of rapeseed lines,and the stem in D5 was slender.The response of late maturing rapeseed lines to density was more significant than other lines.④The light and temperature utilization efficiency of rapeseed can be optimized at reasonable planting density.The light energy and temperature utilization efficiency of early maturing rape seed lines reached the maximum of 0.148 g/MJ and 1.537 kg/(hm^(2)·℃)in D5.The maximum values of intermediate(0.156 g/MJ,1.578 kg/(hm^(2)·℃))and late maturing(0.163 g/MJ and 1.638 kg/(hm^(2)·℃))lines were obtained in D3.【Conclusion】The yield and light-temperature resource utilization efficiency of early maturing rapeseed lines reached the maximum at the density of 7.5×10^(5)plants/hm^(2),and the intermediate and late maturing lines reached the maximum at the density of 4.5×10^(5)plants/hm^(2).The light-temperature resource utilization efficiency of intermediate and late maturing rapeseed lines was better than that of early maturing lines.The breeding of intermediate and late maturing rapeseed lines(Brassica napus)is suggested in Tibet.
作者
蒙祖庆
宋丰萍
郭占全
刘晨亮
郑维列
刘翠花
MENG Zuqing;SONG Fengping;GUO Zhanquan;LIU Chenliang;ZHENG Weilie;LIU Cuihua(Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China;College of Plant Science,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期62-74,共13页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31860387,31360341)
西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ2017RG-35(Z))。
关键词
甘蓝型春油菜
密度效应
光温利用效率
西藏高原
spring rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)
effect of plant density
light-temperature resource utilization efficiency
Tibetan plateau
作者简介
蒙祖庆(1983-),男,四川盐亭人,教授,在读博士,主要从事作物种质资源创新与利用研究;通信作者:郑维列(1963-),男,浙江玉环人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事植物种群生态学及植物分类学研究;通信作者:刘翠花(1963-),女,陕西华县人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤学与植物营养学研究。
