摘要
目的探讨船舶负压病房空气环境控制及风险评价。方法运用STARCCM+仿真软件模拟船舶负压病房区域的空气环境状况,研究通风量、非平衡压差和开关门扰动对病房内污染气体的流动和舱室之间压力控制的影响。结果发现不同通风量工况下相邻舱室的压力梯度与气流流向基本相同;医护走廊的压力波动对缓冲间影响最大,且负压向高于设计值波动时,缓冲间与负压病房的压差低于5 Pa的设计要求;舱门由缓冲间向走廊开启即向负压程度低的区域开启,缓冲间内出现低压区域,污染空气由走廊流向缓冲间;运用Wells-Riley模型评估空气传播感染的风险,通风量增加一倍,新冠病毒传染概率约降低100%。结果表明通风量对压力控制影响小,但会影响病毒传染概率;某一舱室压力波动会影响其他区域的压力,使舱室之间的压力控制不满足设计要求;舱门向负压低的区域开启能降低病毒传播风险。结论本研究为船舶负压隔离病房的空气环境控制提供指导,防止传染病病毒在船舶内传播。
OBJECTIVE To explore the air environment control in ship negative pressure ward and conduct the risk assessment.METHODS STARCCM+simulation software was employed to simulate the air environment in the negative pressure ward of ships,and the impact of ventilation volume,non-equilibrium pressure difference and open/close door disturbance on the flow of polluted gas in the ward and the pressure control between compartments was observed.RESULTS It was found that the pressure gradient and airflow direction of adjacent cabins were basically the same under different ventilation conditions;the pressure fluctuation of the medical corridor had the greatest impact on the buffer room,and when the negative pressure fluctuated higher than the design value,the pressure difference between the buffer room and the negative pressure ward was lower than the design requirement of 5 Pa;when the cabin door was opened from the buffer room to the corridor,that was,when the cabin door was opened to an area with low negative pressure,a low pressure area appears in the buffer room,and the polluted air flowed from the corridor to the buffer room.Finally,the risk of airborne infection was assessed by using the Wells-Riley model,doubling the amount of ventilation reduced the probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection by about 100%.The results showed that the ventilation volume had little effect on the pressure control,but it wound affect the probability of transmission of viral infection;the pressure fluctuation in a certain compartment would affect the pressure in other areas,so that the pressure control between the compartments did not meet the design requirements,opening the hatch door to the area with low negative pressure could reduce the risk of virus transmission.CONCLUSION The research provides guidance for the air environment control in the ship’s negative pressure isolation ward so as to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the ship.
作者
刘明锐
郑学林
臧建彬
LIU Ming-rui;ZHENG Xue-lin;ZANG Jian-bin(Merchant Marine College,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;不详)
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第22期3511-3516,共6页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
船舶负压病房
空气环境
传染病
通风量
非平衡压差
开门方向
数值模拟
Negative pressure ward of ship
Air environment
Infectious disease
Ventilation volume
Non-equilibrium pressure difference
Door opening direction
Numerical simulation
作者简介
通讯作者:臧建彬,E-mail:98798@tongji.edu.cn;刘明锐(1998-),男,硕士在读,研究方向:动力工程及工程热物理。
