摘要
芥菜(Brassica juncea L.)是我国重要的蔬菜作物,栽培区域广泛,种植历史悠久,随着人民生活水平的日益提高与环境条件的变化,对芥菜品质和品种抗性提出了新要求。广大科研工作者完成了大量芥菜种质资源收集、保存和基因功能挖掘工作,并且进行了育种和分子生物学研究,为芥菜品种改良作出诸多贡献。中国芥菜种质资源丰富、地方品种繁多,而这些地方品种经过多年自留种,往往面临种性退化、存在品质缺陷的问题。如何对这些地方品种进行改良,成为亟待解决的问题。阐述了芥菜先进育种技术及其原理和取得的研究成果,先进育种技术主要包括诱变育种技术、远缘杂交育种技术、转基因育种技术、基因编辑育种技术和分子标记辅助育种技术,利用先进育种技术不仅在改变芥菜品种抗性、品质和适应性方面取得了诸多成果,还帮助构建了不育系服务于芥菜杂交育种;同时,对未来芥菜育种的研究方向进行了展望,以期为地方特色芥菜品种的育种提供理论基础和实践依据。
Mustard(Brassica juncea L.) is an important vegetable crop in China with a wide cultivation area and a long history of cultivation.With the increasing improvement of people’s living standard and the changes in environmental conditions,new requirements for the quality and resistant varieties of mustard have been put forward.A large number of scientific researchers have completed the collection,conservation and gene function mining of a considerable amount of mustard germplasm resources,and have conducted researches on breeding and molecular biology,which has made great contributions to the improvement of mustard varieties.China is rich in mustard germplasm resources.There are many local varieties,and these local varieties are often faced with the problems of degradation of variety and quality defects after years of self-retaining,and how to improve these local varieties has become an urgent problem.This review describes the advanced breeding methods of mustard and their principles and the research results obtained.Advanced breeding methods mainly include mutagenesis breeding techniques,distant hybrid breeding techniques,transgenic breeding techniques,gene editing breeding techniques and molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques.The use of these advanced breeding techniques has not only made many achievements in changing the resistance,quality and adaptability of mustard varieties,but also helped to construct sterile lines to serve mustard cross breeding.In addition,this review also provides an outlook on the future research directions of mustard breeding in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical basis for the breeding of local special mustard varieties.
作者
符梅
陈刚
唐康
姜诗政
罗文龙
李桂花
郭巨先
骆善伟
FU Mei;CHEN Gang;TANG Kang;JIANG Shizheng;LUO Wenlong;LI Guihua;GUO Juxian;LUO Shanwei(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables,Guangzhou 510640,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2022年第10期9-18,共10页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室开放基金(202005,202006,201907)
2021年广东省民生补助等其他事业性发展支出(银龄专家)项目-WuKunsheng银龄专家。
关键词
芥菜
育种技术
品质
抗性
地方品种
mustard
breeding technique
quality
resistance
local mustard variety
作者简介
符梅(1988-),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为蔬菜分子生物学,E-mail:meizi07166@126.com;通信作者:骆善伟(1989-),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为芥菜育种,E-mail:xuan7355@163.com。
