摘要
我国古代蜡梅的分布范围与蔷薇科梅大致相当,在北方的分布极线较梅偏北,能达河北阜平、山西太原、陕西洛川、甘肃皋兰等地。古人记述的野生资源主要见于湖北、湖南、四川、贵州及陕西南部,与今人有关报道多相印证。我国蜡梅的最初信息高度集中在开封、洛阳、襄阳、汉中一线,南宋以来向江南迅速传播,元明清持续发展。蜡梅品种的开发是蜡梅栽培技术发展的核心。宋人记载檀香、磬口、狗蝇三种,加之明代出现的荷花,清人盛推的素心,构成古代五大流行品种或类型。河南鄢陵是古代最著名的蜡梅产地,代表蜡梅园艺规模产业的兴起。以蜡梅剪枝插瓶作清供自始即比较流行,北方则多制作盆景。蜡梅发现不久,即盛得人们欣赏推重,进入传统名花行列,相关欣赏认识不断深入。蜡梅文学创作比较繁盛,元以来绘画引为题材,都是蜡梅观赏文化的重要方面,体现了丰富的审美情趣,发挥了不少积极作用。
The distribution of water sweet in ancient China was roughly the same as that of Rosaceae plum blossom,but its distribution was farther to the north than the latter,which reached places like Fuping in Hebei,Taiyuan in Shanxi,Luochuan in Shaanxi,and Gaolan in Gansu.The wild resources of winter sweet,recorded by ancient people,were mainly found in Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan,Guizhou and southern Shaanxi,which has been proved by modern reports.The initial information of its distribution pointed to Kaifeng,Luoyang,Xiangyang and Hanzhong.From the Southern Song Dynasty,it spread rapidly to the south of the Yangtze River.In the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,it continued to stretch further.The development of different varieties was the core of winter sweet cultivation technology.The Song people recorded three kinds of winter sweet,namely,Tanxiang,Qingkou and Gouying.The Ming people added Hehua,and the Qing people added Suxin.Altogether these five major varieties became gradually popular.Yanling of Henan Province was the most famous place for winter sweet production in ancient times,representing the rising massive horticultural industry of winter sweet.The use of its cuttings in a vase as an offering has been popular since the beginning,while in the north it is more often used as bonsai.Soon after its discovery,it won people's appreciation and entered the ranks of traditional famous flowers,and began to be better appreciated and understood.The literary creation about it flourished and paintings used it as the theme since the Yuan Dynasty,which are both important aspects of the ornamental culture of the flower,embody rich aesthetic taste and play a positive role.
作者
程杰
Cheng Jie(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)
出处
《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》
2022年第6期59-75,共17页
Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）
关键词
蜡梅
分布
传播
品种
鄢陵
传统名花
winter sweet
distribution
spread
variety
Yanling
traditional famous flower
作者简介
程杰,男,江苏泰兴人,南京师范大学文学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事唐宋文学和花卉文学研究。
