摘要
为探究施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和内源激素含量与平衡的影响,试验以登海518(Denghai 518,DH518)为供试材料,于2018—2019年大田条件下设置不施氮处理(N0)、少量施氮(N1:N 129 kg hm^(-2))、适量施氮(N2:N 184.50 kg hm^(-2))和过量施氮(N3:N 300 kg hm^(-2))4个施氮量处理。结果表明:随着施氮量增加,籽粒达到最大灌浆速率的天数(T_(max))逐渐缩短,灌浆速率最大时的生长量(W_(max))、最大灌浆速率(G_(max))增加,籽粒灌浆活跃期(P:the active grain filling stage)延长,同时脱水速率增快,籽粒灌浆特性改善,最终籽粒干重增加,产量显著提高,但过量施氮,籽粒灌浆受到不良影响,产量降低。在籽粒内源激素含量达到峰值时,N2处理的吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)含量较N0处理2年分别显著增加66.35%、88.99%,玉米素核苷(ZR)含量2年分别显著增加7.45%、14.60%,赤霉素(GA_(3))含量2年分别显著增加24.73%、32.26%,但脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)含量2年分别显著降低15.57%、10.95%;而N3较N2处理IAA、ZR、GA_(3)含量有所降低,但ABA含量有所增加。结合籽粒灌浆特性和内源激素含量相关性分析可知,W_(max)与ZR/ABA呈现显著正相关,与ABA呈现显著负相关;P与IAA/ABA、GA_(3)/ABA呈现显著正相关。可见,适量施氮(N2:N 184.50 kg hm^(-2))可协调籽粒内源激素含量与平衡,进而促进籽粒灌浆,提高产量。
To explore the effects of nitrogen rate on grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone content and balance in summer maize,Denghai 518(DH518)was used as the experimental material.The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019.Four nitrogen rates were set under field conditions of no nitrogen rate(N0),lower nitrogen rate(N1:N 129 kg hm^(-2)),appropriated nitrogen rate(N2:N 184.50 kg hm^(-2)),and excessive nitrogen rate(N3:N 300 kg hm^(-2)).The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate,the days of maximum grain filling(T_(max))was gradually shortened,the weight of maximum grain filling rate(W_(max)),and the maximum grain filling(G_(max))was gradually increased,the active grain filling stage(P)was prolonged,and the grain dehydration rate was improved.So the grain filling characteristics were improved,and the gain dry weight and yield were increased significantly.However,the grain filling characteristics deteriorated and the yield was reduced when nitrogen was applied excessively.When the endogenous hormone content reached the peak value,compared with N0 treatment in two years,the contents of IAA,ZR,and GA_(3) in N2 were significantly increased by 66.35%and 88.99%,7.45%and 14.60%,24.73%and 32.26%,respectively,while ABA content decreased significantly by 15.57%and 10.95%in two years.And the contents of IAA,ZR,and GA_(3) were decreased in N3 treatment compared with N2 treatment,but ABA content was increased.The correlation analysis of grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone content showed that W_(max) was significantly positively correlated with ZR/ABA,but negatively correlated with ABA.P was positively correlated with IAA/ABA and GA_(3)/ABA.So,the appropri-ate amount of nitrogen fertilizer(N2,184.50 kg hm-2)can coordinate the endogenous hormone content and balance of the grain,thereby promoting grain filling and increasing yield.
作者
张振博
屈馨月
于宁宁
任佰朝
刘鹏
赵斌
张吉旺
ZHANG Zhen-Bo;QU Xin-Yue;YU Ning-Ning;REN Bai-Zhao;LIU Peng;ZHAO Bin;ZHANG Ji-Wang(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Maize Technology Innovation Center,Laizhou,261400,Shandong,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期2366-2376,共11页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-21)
山东省中央引导地方科技发展资金项(YDZX20203700002548)
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ013)资助。
关键词
夏玉米
施氮量
籽粒灌浆特性
内源激素
summer maize
nitrogen fertilizer
grain filling characteristics
endogenous hormone
作者简介
通信作者:张吉旺,E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn,Tel:0538-8245838;第一作者联系方式:张振博,E-mail:1486693491@qq.com,同等贡献;屈馨月,同等贡献。
