摘要
媒体在俄罗斯国家安全全局中具有重要地位,为了改善舆论环境、维护国家安全,俄罗斯对国有媒体进行了改革,国际传播形成了“三驾马车”体系布局,包括RT电视台的“外宣航母”建设、“卫星通讯社”的“多极化”发展和“透视俄罗斯”的新媒体转型。此外,俄罗斯媒体还注重在国际传播活动中维护国家安全的策略应用,通过差异化的议程设置转移国际舆论攻击的热点和走向,通过本土化的运营管理增强俄媒话语权和公信力,通过机制化的危机应对强烈回应外部负面质疑以体现战略支撑。俄乌冲突爆发以后,俄罗斯媒体受到新一轮的国际制裁与打压,前期舆论动员不足和后期遭受封禁失语导致舆论传播处于被动。但同时,处于守势的俄媒在瞄准西方短板、夺取道义高地等方面显示出其改革之后具备的灵活和韧性。对于中国而言,可以借鉴俄罗斯媒体国际传播的经验,吸取其应对危机的教训,提升中国媒体国际传播能力和国际舆论的话语权。
Media plays an important role in the Russian National Security.In order to improve the public opinion environment and maintain national security,Russia has reformed the state-owned media and its international communication has formed a troika system,including RT's construction of"aircraft carrier in external propaganda",Sputnik's"multi-polarization"development and the new media transformation of"Russia Beyond".In addition,the Russian media also pays attention to the strategic application of maintaining national security in international communication activities,diverting the hotspots and trends of international public opinion attacks through differentiated agenda setting,enhancing the discourse power and credibility of Russian media through localized operation and management,and strongly responding to external doubts through institutionalized crisis response.After the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict,the Russian media is faced with a new round of international sanctions and suppression.The lack of public opinion mobilization in the early stage and the ban and aphasia in the later period put the Russian media in the dock.But at the same time,the Russian media has shown flexibility and resilience in targeting Western shortcomings and seizing moral high ground.For China,it can learn from the experience of Russian media in international communication and enhance the international communication capability and discourse right of Chinese media in international public opinion.
作者
刘箫锋
马建光
刘杨钺
Liu Xiaofeng;Ma Jianguang;Liu Yangyue
出处
《俄罗斯学刊》
2022年第3期78-100,共23页
Academic Journal of Russian Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“叙利亚危机中俄罗斯国家战略运筹研究”(项目批准号:18BGJ062)阶段性成果。
关键词
俄罗斯
国际传播
国家安全
舆论
俄乌冲突
Russia
international communication
national security
public opinion
conflict between Russia and Ukraine
作者简介
刘箫锋,国防科技大学文理学院硕士研究生;马建光,国防科技大学文理学院教授,国际问题研究中心主任、博士生导师;刘杨钺,国防科技大学文理学院教授。
