摘要
目的探讨适用于无尘车间正己烷接触的职业健康风险评估模型及相应的风险防控措施。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择6家电子企业无尘车间正己烷作业岗位为研究对象,采用定性评估、非致癌风险评估(定量评估)和半定量风险评估(接触比值评估、接触指数和综合指数)5种方法对研究对象的职业健康风险进行评估,比较不同方法的评估结果。结果对于正己烷作业岗位的职业健康风险等级,定性评估的风险水平为3~4级,标准化后的风险比值(RR)为4~5级;非致癌风险评估结果显示,企业3丝印岗位的风险等级为1级,其余岗位的风险等级为4~5级,标准化后的RR与风险等级一致;接触比值评估结果的风险指数(R)为2~4级,接触指数法和综合指数法的R均为3~4级,该3种方法标准化后的RR与标准化前的R一致。不同评估方法RR一致性比较结果显示:接触指数法与综合指数法一致性极好(Kappa值=1.00,P<0.01),其余各方法风险评估结果间的一致性均差(Kappa值均<0.40)。结论无尘车间正己烷作业职业健康风险等级为中等风险及以上;综合指数法综合考虑了健康效应、暴露情况和作业条件,可更全面、准确地评估无尘车间正己烷所致的职业健康风险。
Objective To explore the occupational health risk assessment methods and the related risk control measures for n-hexane exposure in no-dust workplaces.Methods A judgement sampling method was adopted to select the posts with n-hexane exposure in no-dust workplaces of six electronics enterprises.The qualitative risk assessment,the quantitative non-carcinogenic risk assessment method and the semi-quantitative risk assessment(including contact ratio method,contact index method and comprehensive index method)were applied to assess the occupational health risk of n-hexane exposure.The results of different methods were compared.Results For the occupational health risk levels of n-hexane,the qualitative risk assessment were 3-4,and the standardized risk ratio(RR)were 4-5.The non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk of screen-printing posts in the enterpriseⅢwas 1,and the others were 4-5.The standardized RR of all enterprises are the same.The risk index(R)of contact ratio method were 2-4,the R of contact index method and synthesis index method were both 3-4.The standardized RR of each post were consistent with the R level before standardization.The consistency comparison among RR of different assessment methods showed that,the contact index method and the comprehensive index method were in good agreement(Kappa=1.00,P<0.01)in the result of the occupational risk,and the occupational risk was in disagreement in others(Kappa<0.40).Conclusion The occupational health risk level of n-hexane occupational posts in no-dust workplaces were moderate and above.The semi quantitative comprehensive index method fully considers the health effects,exposure and operating conditions,which can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the occupational health risk caused by n-hexane.
作者
边寰锋
廖春华
梁思哲
邱奕冰
林伟涛
苏世标
BIAN Huan-feng;LIAO Chun-hua;LIANG Si-zhe;QIU Yi-bing;LIN Wei-tao;SU Shi-biao(Department of Occupational Hygiene,Shajing institue for Disease Prevention and Health Care,Bao′an District,Shenzhen,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518104,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第1期57-61,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160010)
广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069)
深圳市宝安区医疗卫生基础研究(2020JD120)。
关键词
正己烷
车间
职业健康
风险评估
风险等级
一致性
n-Hexane
Workplace
Occupational health
Risk assessment
Risk level
Consistency
作者简介
边寰锋(1979-),卫生毒理学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事职业卫生和职业病防治工作;通讯作者:苏世标,主任医师,E-mail:18927588172@163.com。
