摘要
献俘礼是指古代军队凯旋后将所俘敌酋或首级进献庙、社及皇帝的一种军事礼仪。明初武功赫赫,太祖戎马倥偬之际,不忘文治,诏定军礼,构建献俘礼制。永乐、宣德、正统间诸帝率遵用之并不断发展完善,弘治时修《会典》,献俘礼制始载入典册。正德、嘉靖时期,国家军事衰颓,边疆危机重重,皇帝荒嬉、怠政,献俘礼间或举之,粉饰武功,斯典发生演变,也走向衰落。万历初,军事重振,“三大征”皆以胜利告终,献俘礼屡屡举行,一时极盛,但战争也消耗了国力,动摇了明朝的统治根基,可谓暮日下之最后荣光。献俘礼作为一种军礼,具有扬军威、震边鄙的现实作用,既体现了中华传统礼制军礼的丰富内容,又表现了王朝国家的统治文化。
The offering captive ritual refers to a traditional military rituals used by the ancient army to present captured enemy chiefs or heads to the Imperial Ancestral Temple,Altar of Land and Grain or to emperor after triumphant triumphs.In the early period of the Ming Dynasty,the imperial government achieved great military accomplishments.although the Taizu was busy about military,he did not forget to rule the country by culture,ordered the military rituals,and constructed the system of the offering captive ritual.The emperors of Yongle,Xuande,and followed it at their respective rates,and continued to develop and improve them.During the Hongzhi era,the Huidian was revised,and the system of captive ritual began to be included in the catalogue.During the Zhengde and Jiajing periods,the country's military declined and the frontier was full of crises.The emperor absurded,neglected political affairs,occasionally hold the offering captive rituals,and whitewashed military merit.the offering captive rituals evolved and declined.In the early period of the Wanli,the military force were revived,and the“three major expeditions”were all victorious.the offering captive rituals were held repeatedly,which was extremely prosperous for a while.However,the war also consumed national power and shaken the foundation of the Ming Dynasty.As a military ritual,the offering captive ritual has the practical effect of raising the power of the army and shocking the border.It not only embodies the rich content of traditional Chinese ritual military rituals,but also expresses the ruling culture of the dynasty country.
作者
马季
何孝荣
MA Ji;HE Xiao-rong
出处
《北京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期74-84,共11页
Social Sciences of Beijing
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(16BZJ022)——明代杭州佛教研究之阶段性成果。
关键词
明代
献俘礼
军礼
王朝统治文化
Ming Dynasty
the offering captive ritual
military ritual
dynasty ruling culture
作者简介
马季(1993—),男,湖北赤壁人,南开大学历史学院博士研究生,日本爱知大学中国研究科联合培养博士研究生;何孝荣(1966—),男,江苏涟水人,南开大学历史学院研究员,南开大学故宫学与明清宫廷研究中心主任,南开大学明清史研究中心主任,中国明史学会副会长,博士研究生导师。
