摘要
背景:端粒是人体细胞染色体末端的特殊结构,与衰老有非常密切的关系;科学运动可以提高端粒酶活性,保护端粒结构,从而影响人体的身体健康;端粒变短,机体疾病发病率增加,存活率降低,因此,端粒常被认为是细胞衰老的生物学标志物,是触发衰老的“生物钟”。目的:基于端粒系统和衰老的关系,总结分析运动对端粒、端粒酶的影响,探讨运动延缓衰老的端粒理论机制,为运动抗衰老、运动健康促进提供理论依据和参考。方法:以“端粒,端粒酶,运动,衰老”为中文检索词,以“telomeres,telomerase,exercise,senescence”为英文检索词;查阅中国知网、Pub Med、Web of science数据库,初步筛选运动调控端粒延缓衰老的相关文献,在全文阅读后共纳入89篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:不同运动对端粒的影响具有差异性;运动与端粒长度存在正相关、无相关和倒U型关系,与端粒酶活性存在年龄偏移性;适宜运动可以减缓端粒缩短的速度,防止端粒过度消耗,延缓或预防与年龄相关的疾病发生,延长寿命,但其机制一直未阐明。
BACKGROUND:Telomeres form special structures at the end of chromosomes in human cells,which have special functions and show a very close relationship with biological aging.Exe rcise can improve the activity of telomerases and protect the structure of telomeres,thus affecting human health.Shorter telomeres increase the incidence of diseases and decrease the survival rate.Therefore,telomeres are often considered as biological markers of cell aging and the’’biological clock"that triggers aging.OBJECTIVE:Based on the relationship between telomeres and aging,to summarize and analyze the effect of exe rcise on telomeres and telomerases and to explo re the mechanism of telomerase retardation by exe rcise,so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for anti-aging and health promotion by exercises.METHODS:We searched for relevant articles in CNKI,PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords of"telomeres,telomerase,exercise,senescence"in Chinese and Englis h,and conducted preliminary screening of titles and abstra cts according to inclusion criteria.After reading the full text,a total of 89 documents were included for further analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different exercises have different effects on telomeres.Exercise is positively correlated with telomere length,uncorrelated with telomere length,and has inverted U-shaped relationship with telemeter length.Exercise and telomerase activity are age-deviated.Suitable exe rcises can slow down the speed of telomere shortening,prevent the excessive consumption of telomeres,delay or prevent the occurrence of age-related diseases,and prolong life,but the mechanism has not been fully clarified.
作者
杨玲
黄森
Yang Ling;Huang Sen(School of Physical Education,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512000,Guangdong Province,China;Hunan Institute of Sports Science,Changsha 410008,Hunan Province,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第35期5733-5740,共8页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
2021年教育部人文社科课题(21YJAZH049)
项目参与人:杨玲。
关键词
运动
染色体
端粒
端粒酶
衰老
慢性疾病
机制
综述
exercise
chromosome
telomere
telomerase
senescence
chronic disease
mechanism
review
作者简介
第一作者:杨玲,女,1986年生,河北省邢台市人,华南师范大学在读博士,主要从事运动与健康老龄化方面的研究,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-0639;通讯作者:黄森,博士,副研究员。
