摘要
静电纺丝技术是制备一维材料最有效的方法之一,其操作简便且成本低廉。可制备具有多种成分、结构和性能的纳米纤维。但由于纤维内部组分取向性差、界面相互作用弱以及纤维之间接触微弱等因素导致静电纺丝纳米纤维力学性能普遍较弱,限制了其在很多领域的应用。近年来,研究工作者主要从增强单根纤维或纤维集的力学性能出发,发展了如纳米填充、交叉点焊接等有效提升纤维力学性能的方法。首先概述了静电纺丝纤维力学性能提升方法,并对强韧化机理、提升效果进行综述和总结。随后通过代表性的例子讨论了电纺纳米纤维的典型应用,包括分离过滤、电化学储能以及生物医学。最后对影响微纳米纤维膜力学性能的因素以及进一步提升力学性能的方法等方面进行分析和展望。
Electrospinning is one of the most effective methods to prepare one-dimensional materials,which is simple and low cost.Nanofibers with various components,structures and properties can be prepared by electrospinning.However,the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers are generally weak due to poor orientation of internal components,weak interface interaction and weak contact between fibers,which limits its application in many fields.In recent years,researchers have developed many effective methods to improve the mechanical properties of single fibers and mats,such as nano filling,cross-points welding.In this review,the methods of enhancing the mechanical properties of electrospun fibers are firstly introduced,as well as the strengthening and toughening mechanism and improvement effect.We concentrate on the most relevant examples to highlight the typical applications of electrospun nanofibers,including separation,filtration,electrochemical energy storage and biomedicine.Finally,the factors affecting the mechanical properties of micro/nano-fibrous membrane and the methods to further improve the mechanical properties are analyzed and prospected.
作者
赵肖娟
于嫚
ZHAO Xiaojuan;YU Man(School of Materials Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Aeronautics, Xi'an 710077, China)
出处
《功能材料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期4039-4047,共9页
Journal of Functional Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金委青年项目(21903062)。
关键词
静电纺丝
微纳米纤维
力学性能
纳米填充
交叉点焊接
electrospinning
micro/nano-fibers
mechanical properties
nano filling
cross-points welding
作者简介
通讯作者:赵肖娟(1989—),女,博士,师承徐雁教授,从事一维多级结构复合材料研究,E-mail:xiaojuanzhao@xaau.edu.cn。
