汉语统称代词二语习得偏误类型研究

A Study on the Types of Errors in Second Language Acquisition Concerning Chinese General Pronouns for Designation

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摘要汉语统称代词是统括一定范围内所有人的代词,对外汉语中,“彼此”“大伙儿”“大家”“各位”“各自”“诸位”为其核心教学内容。以该六词为代表的调查表明,二语习得者经常发生面称语词错用、义素替换错位、复指成分错序、语体组配失协四类偏误。受语言类推诸因素引发的代词称谓认知不清、义素特征分辨不明、复指语序判定不精、语体色彩感知不准,是偏误产生的主要原因。统称代词各有其语义语法语用功能,紧扣区别性特征进行应用辨析,可有效降低偏误生发概率。 Chinese pronouns for general designations are a kind of pronouns that refer to all the people in a certain range.In teaching Chinese as a foreign language,the words“bici”“dahuo”“dajia”“gewei”“gezi”and“zhuwei”are the core teaching content.The survey of these six words shows that second language learners often make four kinds of errors:misusage of face-to-face address forms,misplacement of sememe substitutions,misorder of inappropriate components and mismatch of styles.The main causes of these errors are the unclear cognition of pronoun appellation,the unclear distinction between sememe characteristics,the improper judgment of anaphora word order and the inaccurate perception of stylistic color triggered by factors of language analogy.Each pronoun for general designations has its own semantic and linguistic functions.Focusing on the application discrimination according to the distinctive characteristics of each general pronoun can effectively reduce the probability of making errors.

作者胡云晚王一惠雷励 HU Yun-wan;WANG Yi-hui;LEI Li(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310023,China;School of Literature and Journalism,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区浙江科技学院人文学院湘潭大学文学与新闻学院

出处《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第2期183-187,共5页 Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基金国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视域中湘、赣方言的介词类型研究”(20BYY043)的阶段性成果浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(研究生专项)“基于微信的留学生汉语课外听说练习研究”(Y202146597)。

关键词代词称谓义素替换复指定序语体组配偏误动因 pronoun appellation sememe substitution reiterations and sequencing language style matching error motivation

分类号 H193.5 [语言文字—汉语]

作者简介胡云晚(1973—),女,湖南洞口人,博士,浙江科技学院人文学院教授,主要从事汉语国际教育、方言学及新媒体语言研究;王一惠(1997—),女,山东高密人,浙江科技学院人文学院硕士研究生,主要从事汉语国际教育研究;雷励(1981—),男,湖南安化人,博士,湘潭大学文学与新闻学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事语言理论与应用、语音史、汉字学、古籍数字化等研究。