摘要
自布莱克斯通爵士始,学界对1215年大宪章的版本、文本与影响做了诸多探索,但其缮写与颁行方面仍存诸多疑点,如四份存世正本文书为何字体迥然不同,它们是否为权威的原始版本,是否由王室文秘署抄工缮写,又通过何种方式颁行?以古文字学和古文书学方法检视大宪章的四份正本文书,它们在外观形制方面多有不同,但均是具有权威性的正本文书。进一步观察还可发现,Ci本与Cii本为王室文秘署抄工缮写,L本与S本则由当地主教座堂抄工缮写。Ci本的目的地并非之前认为的五港联盟,而是坎特伯雷主教座堂。据此,1215年大宪章的缮写与颁行过程以及教会在其中扮演的角色或应予以重新认识。
Since Sir Blackstone,Scholars have done many useful explorations on the version,text,and influence of Magna Carta of 1215,but there are still doubts about the engrossment and distribution of Magna Carta of 1215,such as:Why did the four surviving originals use different scripts,were they authoritative original versions,and were they all engrossed by the scribes of Royal Chancery?Using paleographical and diplomatic methods to examine the four original documents(Ci,Cii,L and S)of Magna Carta of 1215,it can be found that although the four documents are different in appearance and format,but they are all authoritative original versions.Upon further observation,it can be found that Ci and Cii were engrossed by the scribes of Royal Chancery,while L and S were not,and they may be engrossed by the scribes working for local bishops.Not only that,Ci’s destination is not the Cinque Ports as previously thought,but the Cathedral of Canterbury.Based on the above understanding,the process of engrossment and distribution of Magna Carta of 1215 and the role of the church in it may be reconsidered.
出处
《经济社会史评论》
CSSCI
2022年第1期4-27,127,共25页
Economic and Social History Review
基金
国家社科基金“家庭财产继承与近代早期英国社会转型研究”(18BSS043)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
陈志坚,首都师范大学历史学院教授。北京100089。
