摘要
共同但有区别责任在理论上容易模糊共同与区别的关系,在实践中已不能顺应国际碳市场的建立。共同但有区别责任片面反映了国际碳排放责任分配的"结果公平",忽视了每个国家都要有义务进行减排的"过程公平",未能将"责任"和"支付能力"有机结合。根据博弈论,只有发达国家和发展中国家都接受的"共同责任"才能形成更加有效的纳什均衡。"共同责任"受国际法规范约束,它要求无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都承担绝对的减排义务。"共同责任"的国际法基础是资源主权,应成为气候变化领域乃至国际环境法领域的主要责任。"共同责任"的实施需要世界各国承担履行事前预防、事后补偿的主权合作的责任。在"共同责任"下,相关国际法需构建以国家补偿为中心的多层级责任的"关系"结构,以弥补构建统一的国际碳排放市场的缺陷。
Under the doctrine of common but differentiated responsibilities, it is easy to blur the relationship between "common" and "differentiated" in theory and unable to correspond to the establishment of international carbon market in practice. The doctrine of common but differentiated responsibilities only reflects the "fairness of the result" in the allocation of international carbon emission responsibilities, but ignores the "fairness of the process" that each country must carry out mandatory emission reduction, thus failing to organically combine the "responsibility" with the "ability to pay". According to the Game Theory, only the doctrine of "shared responsibilities" accepted by both developed and developing countries can produce a more effective Nash equilibrium. The doctrine of "shared responsibilities" is bound by norms in the international law and require both developed and developing countries to undertake mandatory obligations of emission reduction. The basis of "shared responsibilities" in the international law is the resource sovereignty, thus the doctrine of shared responsibilities should become the main one on responsibility in the field of climate change even the international environment law. The implementation of "shared responsibilities" requires all countries in the world to undertake the responsibility of performing sovereign cooperation of ex ante prevention and ex post compensation. Under the doctrine of "shared responsibilities", it is necessary to establish a "relationship" structure of multi-level responsibilities centered on national compensation, so as to make up for the shortcomings of establishing a unified international market of carbon emission.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期30-43,共14页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“气候变化所致损失损害责任之国际法机制研究”(项目编号:17AFX028)的阶段性成果。
关键词
共同但有区别责任
共同责任
碳中和
气候变化
Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
Shared Responsibilities
Carbon Neutrality
Climate Change
作者简介
邵莉莉,北京物资学院法学院副教授、法学博士,中国政法大学国际环境法研究中心研究员。
