摘要
中国现代化离不开农业现代化,农业现代化离不开科技创新。颠覆性农业技术是指源于农业及相关领域新科学原理的重大发现或由跨学科、跨领域技术融合创新产生的农业技术,涉及多主体、多学科、多层面。发展颠覆性农业技术是我国加快推进农业科技创新、实现农业高水平科技自立自强的必然选择,也是我国加快推进农业现代化、全面实现乡村振兴的战略需求。首先,总结回顾了颠覆性农业技术创新的发展历程与经验,分析了颠覆性农业技术创新的规律和特点,即建立在基础研究取得重大突破的基础上、得益于基础前沿领域技术突破、需要国家前瞻布局和持续支持以及本质上是农业生产方式的变革;其次,结合新一轮科技革命和产业变革探讨了未来颠覆性农业技术创新的发展态势,包括新一代信息技术、新一代生物技术、先进材料技术驱动的颠覆性农业技术及植物工厂、体外肉类培养和淀粉合成技术等,以及其对农业种养方式、育种方式、农用投入品生产模式、作物种植空间、食品生产方式等的变革性影响;再次,从3个方面分析了我国颠覆性农业技术创新面临的来自国内外的机遇和挑战,即新科技革命和产业变革机遇、美国及其盟友的联合封锁与打压及自身的基础条件和面临的问题;最后,从强化国家农业战略科技力量、统筹部署农业战略科技任务、建设国家农业战略人才力量以及加快颠覆性农业技术推广应用等4个方面,提出促进和加速我国颠覆性农业技术创新的对策建议。
China’s modernization is inseparable from agricultural modernization, and agricultural modernization is inseparable from scientific and technological innovation. Disruptive agricultural technology refers to the agricultural technology derived from major discoveries of new scientific principles in agriculture and related fields, or produced by interdisciplinary technology integration and innovation, which is involving involved multiple subjects, disciplines and levels.Developing disruptive agricultural technology is not only the necessary choice to accelerate agricultural science and technology(S&T) innovation and realize the high-level self-reliance of agricultural S&T, but also the strategic demand to accelerate agricultural modernization and fully realize rural vitalization in China. Firstly, we summarized and reviewed the development process and experience of disruptive agricultural technology innovation were summarized and reviewed,and analyzed the laws and characteristics of disruptive agricultural technology innovation were analyzed: based on the major breakthroughs made in basic research, benefiting from the technological breakthroughs in basic frontier fields, requiring the forward-looking layout and continuous support from the government, and essentially reforming the agricultural production mode mode. Secondly, combined with the new round of S&T revolution and industrial reform, we analyzed the development trend of disruptive agricultural technology innovation in the future and its revolutionary impact were analyzed: driven by the new generation of information technology, biotechnology and material technology, the intelligent agricultural technology, breeding technology,pesticide and chemical fertilizer technology, and plant factory, in vitro meat culture and starch synthesis technology, and their transformative impact on agricultural planting mode, animal farming mode, breeding method, agricultural input production mode, crop planting space and food production mode. Then the opportunities and challenges faced by China’s disruptive agricultural technology innovation from home and abroad were analyzed from three aspects: the opportunities of new scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, the joint blockade and suppression of by the United States and its allies, and China’s own foundation and problems. Finally, we put forward suggestions were put forward to promote and accelerate China’s disruptive agricultural technology innovation from four aspects: strengthening the national agricultural strategic S&T force, coordinating the deployment of agricultural strategic S&T tasks, cultivating agricultural strategic S&T talents and accelerating the popularization and application of disruptive technology.
作者
袁建霞
万劲波
Yuan Jianxia;Wan Jinbo(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《创新科技》
2022年第2期75-84,共10页
Innovation science and technology
关键词
颠覆性技术
农业科技创新
农业现代化
战略思考
disruptive technology
agricultural S&T innovation
agricultural modernization
strategic thinking
作者简介
袁建霞(1975—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农业及生物科技战略情报研究;通讯作者:万劲波(1974—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:科技战略与规划、科技政策与治理。
