摘要
“双碳”目标下,碳排放交易不能过度强调市场投机和金融衍生,气候变化应对的社会效益目标当为底线遵循,配额流转的商事活动须在政府调控下运作。不同于一般的商品交易要“强市场、弱政府”,碳排放交易的主体、标的和场所设施均被行政管控或指定,市场机制固然要发挥基础性作用,但更需“强政府”赋能以提高市场规制效果。碳排放交易配额虽有财产权益,但非财产权利,要避免“碳排放权”之误用。碳排放交易市场不排斥金融化的效率促进和市场活跃,但应防止高度金融化可能引致的风险衍生和目的异化。作为特殊的政策性市场,碳排放交易须明晰监管的管理、参与和执行的核心定位,在不同阶段确定不同的规制内容,即事前的配额管控、事中的价格干预和事后的行为惩处。目前碳排放规制中,监管之介入在科学性、强制性、灵活性方面尚显不足,有待系统地赋能保障。一应推进《碳排放交易管理条例》落地,将碳排放交易纳入更高位阶的应对气候变化法的规制范围,增强制度的稳定性和约束力;二应明晰碳市场横向主管部门和纵向央地机构间的监管边界,尤其要厘清发改委、生态环境部门和金融监管当局的主管范围;三应注意经济激励型碳排放规制工具的协同补位,逐步构筑碳税和碳排放交易兼容的规制模式。
With the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,we cannot overemphasize market speculation and financial derivatives in carbon emissions trading;the social benefit goal of responding to climate change should be beard as the bottom line,and the commercial activities of quota circulation should be operated under effective government regulation.Carbon trading is different from that of normal goods,which strengthens market but not governments;the main players,objects,and facilitate of carbon trading are administratively controlled or appointed.Though market mechanism will play the fundamental role,strong governments empowerment will needed to improve the effect of market regulation.Although the quota of carbon emissions trading has property interests,it is not de facto property rights;and the confusion and misuse of"carbon emissions rights"should be avoided.Carbon emissions trading market does not reject the improved efficiency and active market brought by financialization,we should avoid the derived risk and differentiated goals brought by high level of financialization.As a special policy market,the operation of carbon emissions trading must clarify the core positioning of the management,participation and implementation of regulation;and different regulation contents should be determined at different stages,that is,"ex ante"quota control,"during"price intervention and"ex post"punishment.At present,in the carbon emissions regulation system,the government's intervention is still insufficient in terms of scientificity,mandatoryness and flexibility,which needs to be guaranteed by systematical empowerment.First,we must promote the implementation of the"Carbon Emissions Trading and Management Regulation"and the connotation of the higher-level"Climate Change Response Law";second,we should clarify the regulatory boundaries among different horizontal administrative departments and vertical"central"institutions in the carbon market;and third,we must pay attention to the coordinated functioning of different economic incentive carbon emissions regulatory tools,and gradually formulate the regulation pattern concerning both the carbon related taxation and carbon emissions trading.
作者
张阳
ZHANG Yang(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)
出处
《中国流通经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期115-126,共12页
China Business and Market
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“功能主义视角下商个人法律问题的体系化研究”(19AFX015)。
关键词
碳排放权
碳交易
碳金融
碳中和
碳达峰
carbon emissions rights
carbon trading
carbon finance
carbon neutrality
carbon peaking
作者简介
张阳(1991-),男,山东省日照市人,武汉大学法学院教师,法学博士,社会学博士后,主要研究方向为经济法、金融法。
