摘要
以4年生乌鲁木齐市城市绿化常用5种灌木为试材,设置停灌5 d、10 d及复水3个处理,以正常灌溉为对照。测定其土壤含水量、气体交换参数和叶绿素含量等指标,研究干旱胁迫条件下5种灌木的光合特性,为耐旱园林植物的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明:随着停灌时间的延长,停灌5 d和停灌10 d处理的土壤含水量不断下降,且在第5 d至第10 d均显著低于正常灌溉水平,在经过复水处理后土壤含水量得到了恢复。干旱胁迫10 d后,榆叶梅、紫叶矮樱、紫丁香、水蜡和金叶榆的光合速率分别与对照下降51.33%,71.92%,13.12%,71.45%和83.78%。复水处理使5个园林植物的光合速率均得到了一定程度的恢复,其中,榆叶梅和紫丁香的光合速率恢复至正常灌溉的水平。干旱胁迫显著降低了5种园林植物的气孔导度,尤其在干旱胁迫10 d达到最低值,分别为0.02、0.06、0.08、0.03和0.03 mol/(m^(2)·s)。然而,复水处理并未使灌木的气孔导度得到恢复。紫叶矮樱、紫丁香、水蜡和金叶榆的胞间CO_(2)浓度相对不变,而榆叶梅在干旱胁迫10 d显著增加,又在复水处理后大幅下降。同样,5种灌木的蒸腾速率在干旱胁迫10 d下降到最低点,分别比对照下降了86.95%、61.15%、19.51%、77.43%和81.64%。而榆叶梅和紫丁香在复水处理后恢复到了正常灌溉水平。除金叶榆的叶绿素a/b显著增加外,5种灌木的叶绿素以及类胡萝卜素含量是相对不变的。综合分析5种灌木在干旱胁迫及复水后的叶绿素含量和光合参数的变化情况可知,榆叶梅和紫丁香综合抗旱能力较强,很适合在像乌鲁木齐市一样冬季时间较长,夏天炎热,缺水的干旱城市做园林绿化植物。
In this study,5 kinds of 4-year-old shrubs commonly used in urban afforestation in Urumqi were used as test materials,and three treatments,including stop irrigation for 5 d,10 d and rewatering,were set and normal irrigation was used as contrast treatment(CK).Soil water content,gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll content were measured and photosynthetic characteristics of five kinds of shrubs under drought stress were studied to provide theoretical basis for selection of drought-tolerant garden plants.The results showed that with the extension of irrigation stop time,the soil water content of the treatment of stop irrigation for 5d and 10d decreased continuously,and was significantly lower than the normal irrigation level from the 5^(th) day to the 10^(th) day,and the soil water content recovered after rehydration treatment.After 10 days of drought stress,the photosynthetic rates of Amygdalus triloba,Prunus x cistena,Syringa oblata,Ligustrum obtusifolium and Ulmus pumila decreased by 51.33%,71.92%,13.12%,71.45%and 83.78%,respectively,compared with CK.The photosynthetic rate of five garden plants was restored to some extent by rehydration treatment,among which,the photosynthetic rate of Amygdalus triloba and Syringa oblate returned to the level of normal irrigation.Drought stress significantly reduced the stomatal conductance of five garden plants,especially at the 10th day of drought stress,the lowest value was 0.02 mol/(m^(2)·s),0.06 mol/(m^(2)·s),0.08 mol/(m^(2)·s),0.03 mol/(m^(2)·s)and 0.03 mol/(m^(2)·s),respectively.However,rehydration did not restore stomatal conductance of shrubs.The concentrations of intercellular CO^(2) of Prunus×cistena,Syringa oblate,Ligustrum obtusifolium and ulmus pumila remained relatively unchanged,while that of Amygdalus triloba increased significantly after 10 days of drought stress,and decreased significantly after rehydration treatment.Similarly,the transpiration rate of five shrubs decreased to the lowest point after 10 days of drought stress,and decreased by 86.95%,61.15%,19.51%,77.43%and 81.64%compared with the control,respectively.After rehydration treatment,that of Amygdalus triloba and Syringa oblate returned to normal irrigation level.Except for the chlorophyll a/b of Amygdalus triloba,the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of the 5 kinds of shrubs were relatively unchanged.Comprehensive analysis of the changes of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of the 5 kinds of shrubs under drought stress and re-watering showed that the comprehensive drought resistance ability of Syringa oblata and Amygdalus triloba was stronger.The two kinds of shrubs are very suitable for landscaping plants in arid cities like Urumqi with long winters,hot summers and lack of water.
作者
买尔旦·阿不都卡德
阿丽亚·拜都热拉
艾力江·麦麦提
李志元
Merdan Abdukadir;Aliya Baidurela;Ailijiang Maimaiti;LI Zhi-yuan(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Life Science,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2022年第2期48-53,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
关键词
干旱胁迫
常用绿化灌木
光合生理特性
drought stress
commonly used green shrubs
photosynthetic physiological characteristics
作者简介
买尔旦·阿不都卡德(1995-),男,硕士,研究方向为水土保持与荒漠化防治。E-mail:Merdan77@qq.com。;通讯作者:艾力江·麦麦提(1981-),男,硕士生导师,研究方向为植物生理生态。E-mail:ailijanmmt@126.com。
