摘要
史官代宣王命之制,至遲可以追溯至西周早期。西周中晚期的命書具有程式化的特點,係預先寫就,並在册命儀式上供史官宣讀。《攝命》《洛誥》的前半部分以及《康誥》等篇章並非真正意義上的命書,它們更接近於“誥”。西周王公的誥辭,當源於現場發言或對話。《攝命》的結尾則是册命儀式的記録以及僅存感嘆詞“嗟”的命書。
The system of scribes issuing orders instead of kings can be traced back to the early Western Zhou Dynasty at the latest.The documents of Ceming(册命)in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty had the characteristics of stylization.They were written in advance and read by scribes at the ceremony of Ceming(册命).The first half of Sheming(攝命)and Luogao(洛誥)and Kanggao(康誥)are not real documents of Ceming(册命).In fact,they should belong to Gao(誥).Gao(誥)issued by the kings or princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty should come from on-the-spot speeches or dialogues.The last part of Sheming(攝命)should be the record of the ceremony of Ceming(册命)and a document of Ceming(册命)with only an exclamation Jie(嗟)remained.
基金
國家社會科學基金重大項目“出土簡帛文獻與古書形成問題研究”(19ZDA250)
國家社會科學基金青年項目“簡帛文獻與中國早期文體研究”(18CZW021)的階段性成果。
关键词
册命
命書
《攝命》
Ceming(册命)
documents of Ceming(册命)
Sheming(攝命)
