摘要
对于肆虐全球的新冠疫情的起因及对策,学术界从不同视角进行了广泛分析,目前作为分析工具影响最大的主要有盖娅理论和“同一健康”理论。这两个理论对于新冠疫情的分析虽然有很大区别,但也有共同之处,在方法论上具有互补的作用,学术界目前对此重视不够。盖娅理论尽管起初只是一个假说,把地球本身看作一个“超级有机体”,强调地球生物在演变过程中对于环境的反馈与稳态作用,具有一定的神秘主义色彩,但是后来经过马古利斯、拉图尔等人的批评与修正,盖娅假说消除了其中有争议的成分,逐渐成为一种科学理论。拉伍洛克本人也对盖娅理论几度修改,对气候变化、疫情等现实问题进行回应与预测。在方法论上,对于新冠疫情,盖娅理论既可以从地球本体的角度进行分析,也可以从宏观角度对于当代社会与科技发展进行哲学反思与社会批判;“同一健康”理论主张从地球内部人、生物与环境的健康的关联性角度分析新冠疫情,对于新冠疫情倡导跨学科协作和交流,注重科学防治,也可以运用于社会反思与社会批判。面对复杂多变的新冠疫情,我们可以在生命共同体的视域下,综合运用这两种分析工具进行防治,合力守护盖娅,实现人与生物、环境的“同一健康”。
With regard to the causes and countermeasures of global COVID⁃19,academia has conducted extensive analysis from different perspectives.Gaia theory and One Health theory are among the influential analysis tools.The two theories differ greatly in the analysis of COVID⁃19,but they also have something in common with complementary methodology,which has not yet received due attention in academia at present.Gaia theory began as a hypothesis,which advocated taking the earth as a“super organism”and emphasized the feedback and steady⁃state effect of earth organisms on the environment in the process of evolution,which was somewhat mystical.After criticism and revision by Margulis,Latour and others,Gaia hypothesis later eliminated its controversial elements and gradually became a scientific theory.Lovelock also modified Gaia theory several times,responding to and predicting climate changes,epidemic and other practical problems.In terms of methodology,Gaia theory can be used to study COVID⁃19 from the perspective of the earth,and it can also be used to conduct philosophical reflections and social criticism on contemporary society and technological development from a macro perspective.One Health theory proposed the analysis of COVID⁃19 from the perspective of the relevance of human being,organisms and environment,and advocated interdisciplinary collaboration and communication,scientific prevention,social reflections and criticism as well.In the face of complex and changeable COVID⁃19,we can adopt these two analytical tools for prevention and treatment from the perspective of life community,work together to protect Gaia and realize the“One Health”of human,organisms and environment.
作者
刘魁
崔志淼
Liu Kui;Cui Zhimiao(School of Marxism,Southeast University)
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2021年第6期13-25,共13页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪马克思主义的生态政治理论发展趋向研究”(19BKS077)。
作者简介
刘魁,东南大学马克思主义学院教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向:生态马克思主义、环境伦理;崔志淼,东南大学马克思主义学院硕士研究生。
