摘要
绿豆是我国种植的主要食用豆之一,在我国农产品出口、调整种植结构、丰富人们膳食和农产品加工利用等方面具有重要作用。自20世纪80年代中期以来,我国共育成绿豆品种141个,育种手段实现了从农家品种提纯复壮、优异品种引进、系统选育、辐射诱变到杂交选育的转变,解决了绿豆品种中存在的生育期长、蔓生倒伏、产量低、抗性和适应性差等问题。特别是国家食用豆产业技术体系运行以来,杂交选育与分子标记辅助选择的结合,使新品种的产量、抗病虫性和适宜机械化收获等特性进一步提高。然而,受多种因素的影响,我国绿豆产业出现了种植面积先增后减、进口量连年增加、适宜机械化生产的优质专用和多抗品种缺乏等问题。本文在分析我国绿豆产业及品种发展状况的基础上,讨论了目前我国绿豆品种存在的问题,提出了今后绿豆品种改良的主攻方向,旨在为我国绿豆产业发展和品种改良等提供参考。
Mungbean is one of the main edible legumes grown in China, which plays an important role in the export of agricultural products, the adjustment of planting structure, the enrichment of people’s diet and the processing of agricultural products. From the mid-1980 s, 141 new varieties of mungbean have been bred in China,which solved the problems of long growth period, creeping and lodging, low yield, poor resistance and poor adaptability. The breeding methods had changed from purification and rejuvenation of landraces, introduction of excellent varieties, systematic breeding and radiation mutation to hybrid breeding. Since the initiation of the China Agriculture Research System-Food Legumes, the combination of cross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection has further improved the yield, resistance to diseases and insects, and suitable mechanized harvest of new varieties. However, due to the influence of many factors, some problems were still existed in mungbean industry,such as the fluctuation of planting area, the increase of import quantity, and the lack of good varieties suitable for mechanization production, high quality and special use and multi-resistance. In this paper, the problems of mungbean variety in China were discussed, and the main direction of mungbean variety improvement in the future was put forward, based on the analysis of the development of mungbean industry and seed industry in China. The purpose is to provide reference for the development of mungbean industry and variety improvement.
作者
田静
程须珍
范保杰
王丽侠
刘建军
刘长友
王素华
曹志敏
陈红霖
王彦
王珅
Tian Jing;Cheng Xuzhen;Fan Baojie;Wang Lixia;Liu Jianjun;Liu Changyou;Wang Suhua;Cao Zhimin;Chen Honglin;Wang Yan;Wang Shen(Institute of Food and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Provincial Crop Genetics and Breeding Laboratory,Shijiazhuang 050035,Hebei,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Hebei Industry and Technology Academy of Coarse Cereals,Quzhou 057250,Hebei,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2021年第6期15-21,共7页
Crops
基金
财政部和农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系―食用豆(CARS-08-G03)
河北省重点研发计划(21326305D)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018070203)
河北省现代农业科技创新工程项目(F18R494004-01)。
关键词
绿豆
品种
现状
发展趋势
Mungbean
Variety
Present situation
Development trend
作者简介
田静,研究方向为食用豆遗传育种,E-mail:nkytianjing@163.com。
