摘要
针对鲜食大豆采收劳动强度大,人工采摘效率低,缺少相应收获机械装备等问题,结合鲜食大豆种植模式和采摘期植株物理特性,设计了一种弹齿滚筒式鲜食大豆采摘装置。阐述了弹齿滚筒采摘装置的工作原理,对采摘过程中的豆荚进行运动学分析,并对装置关键部件进行了参数设计和结构优化,确定了影响作业效果的因素。通过单因素预试验确定了关键参数的范围,以前进速度、滚筒转速、割台高度为试验因素,以掉落率、挂枝率、破损率为试验指标进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验,建立了试验因素与试验指标间的数学模型,并分析了各因素对试验指标的影响。对模型进行粒子群算法优化,预测最优参数组合为:前进速度0.43 m/s、滚筒转速245 r/min、割台高度4 cm,对应的掉落率、挂枝率和破损率的预测值分别为10.6%、4.4%、5.6%。对最优参数组合进行田间验证试验,结果为掉落率11.8%,挂枝率4.0%,破损率6.1%,试验结果与理论预测值的相对误差均不高于10.1%。方差分析表明各评价指标的实际值和预测值之间不具有显著性差异。研究结果可为鲜食大豆采摘装置设计提供参考。
To solve the problems of high labor intensity,low efficiency of manual picking,and lack of corresponding harvesting machinery and equipment for vegetable soybean harvesting,a spring-tooth drum type vegetable soybean picking device was designed in combination with the physical characteristics of vegetable soybean plants and the planting mode.The working principle of the spring-tooth drum picking device was expounded,the parameter design and structure optimization of the key components of the device were carried out,the kinematic of the pod was analyzed,and the factors affecting the operation effect were determined.The range of key parameters was determined and narrowed by a single factor test.Taking forward speed,drum rotation speed,and header height as test factors,and using drop rate,hanging rate,and breakage rate as experimental indicators,a three-factor and five-level second orthogonal rotation center combination test was carried out.The mathematical model between the experimental factors and the experimental indicators was established and the influence of each factor on the experimental indicators was analyzed.The model was optimized by particle swarm optimization,and the predicted optimal parameter combination was as follows:forward speed was 0.43 m/s,drum rotation speed was 245 r/min,header height was 4 cm,and the corresponding predicted values of drop rate,hanging rate,and breakage rate were 10.6%,4.4%,and 5.6%,respectively.The field verification test was carried out on the optimal parameter combination,and the results showed that the drop rate of the field test was 11.8%,the hanging rate was 4.0%,and the damage rate was 6.1%.The relative errors were no more than 10.1%.The variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the actual value and the prediction of the evaluation index.The research results can provide a reference for the further structural design and parameter optimization of the spring-tooth drum vegetable soybean picking device.
作者
刘志远
金诚谦
袁文胜
冯玉岗
袁建明
LIU Zhiyuan;JIN Chengqian;YUAN Wensheng;FENG Yugang;YUAN Jianming(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期171-180,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04)
中国农业科学院创新工程项目
关键词
鲜食大豆
采摘装置
弹齿滚筒
参数优化
响应面试验
vegetable soybeans
picking devices
spring-tooth drum
parameter optimization
response surface test
作者简介
刘志远(1996—),男,助理工程师,武汉理工大学博士生,主要从事农作物收获机械化研究,E-mail:lzy_caas@foxmail.com;通信作者:袁文胜(1978—),男,副研究员,主要从事农作物生产机械化研究,E-mail:ywensheng@qq.com
