摘要
随着劳动年龄人口数量和比重的持续“双降”,如何配置劳动要素并引导区域间劳动力合理流动成为释放劳动力效率红利的关键。为研究劳动力市场分割的现状及其对劳动要素扭曲的影响效应,文章借鉴Parsley、Hsieh和Klenow等人的研究方法对中国劳动力市场分割与劳动要素扭曲水平进行测算。文章将各地经济社会发展差距纳入劳动力市场分割的测算与分析中并将这一指标细化到中国地级市层面。结果显示中国劳动力市场分割总体上呈现整合态势,但近年来劳动力市场分割水平有所增高,四大区域劳动力市场分割走势与全国总体变化相似,都在波浪化变动中逐渐收敛。研究发现劳动力市场分割不利于劳动要素的自由流动,在稳健性检验中,通过更换核心变量、构造工具变量并采用最小二乘法等方式验证基本结论的稳健性。研究显示劳动力市场分割的影响具有时空异质性,在考察期前期,劳动力市场分割对劳动要素扭曲具有显著正向影响,但在考察期后期则具有一定程度的负向影响;东部地区和东北地区的实证结果与基准回归中的结论一致,西部地区与基准回归中的结论相反,中部地区则表现为劳动力市场分割对劳动要素扭曲影响作用不明显。因此,应优化政府与市场主体关系,引导劳动力合理流动释放劳动力效率红利,推进经济高质量发展。
With the declining of the number and proportion of the working-age population,how to allocate labor elements and reasonably guide the flow of labor elements between regions has become the key to release the dividend of labor efficiency.In order to study the status of labor market segmentation and the effect of labor factors,this paper calculates the market segmentation and optimal allocation of labor based on Parsley,Hsieh and Klenow.The innovation of the article is to include the local economic and social development gap into the calculation and analysis of the labor market segmentation,and to refine this index to the level of prefecture-level cities in China.China’s labor market segmentation presents a decreasing situation,but in recent years,the labor market division level increased,the four regional labor market segmentation trend is similar to the national overall changes,are gradually converged in wavy changes.To explain the extent of labor market segmentation can cause labor factor distortion,this paper uses dynamic panel model.According to the empirical results,the labor market segmentation,which will hinder the misallocation,is not conducive to the free flow of labor factors.The robustness test in this paper verifies the robustness of the basic conclusions by replacing the core variables,constructing the tool variables,and using the least squares methods.Meanwhile,the conclusions of different stages and regions differ on the distortion of the labor factors in the early stage,but in the latter period,the empirical results in the east and the northeast are consistent with the benchmark regression,and the effect of the labor market segmentation is not obvious.Therefore,in the stage of labor market transformation in China,the labor market segmenta⁃tion hinders the unreasonable flow of labor force and causes the distortion of labor factors.The research con⁃clusion of this paper provides enlightenment for optimizing the relationship between government and market entities,guiding reasonable labor flow,releasing labor efficiency dividend and promoting high-quality eco⁃nomic development.
作者
刘劭睿
李钏
樊佳琪
LIU Shaorui;LI Chuan;FAN Jiaqi(School of Economics,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100190,China;Institute of International Economy,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing,100105,China)
出处
《人口学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期14-27,共14页
Population Journal
关键词
劳动力市场分割
劳动力
劳动要素扭曲
相对价格法
Labor Market Segmentation
Labor Force
Labor Elements Distortion
Relative Price Method
作者简介
刘劭睿(1990-),女,吉林长春人,吉林大学经济学院《经济视角》编辑部编辑;李钏(1999-),男,河北邢台人,中国科学院大学经济与管理学院硕士研究生;樊佳琪(1999-),女,内蒙古呼和浩特人,对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院硕士研究生。
