摘要
云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)林是云南省分布面积最大的森林资源。为了解云南松和其变种地盘松(Pinus yunnanensis var.pygmaea)在云南省范围内的适生区分布特征,以358个云南松分布点、248个地盘松分布点和81个生态因子为数据源,应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和Arcgis10.2平台对云南松和地盘松的适生区分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:水平格局上,云南松和地盘松的高、中适生区分别占全省国土面积的52.92%和34.08%,二者的主要适生区重叠面积占全省国土面积的13.88%;垂直格局上,二者分布的海拔高度范围为1000~4000 m,但在海拔2000~2500 m分布面积较大。影响云南松和地盘松分布的关键生态因子主要有旱季至雨季过渡期的降水量、最干季降水量、等温性、年均气温、最冷季平均气温、坡度、30~100 cm土壤砂砾比例和人类足迹等;地盘松与云南松各关键生态因子适宜值范围的差异表明地盘松生态位更狭窄。云南松在适生区内普遍退化的原因是优质种源丧失和不当的人为干扰,因此,优质种源培育及地带性植被恢复是提高森林生态系统效益的重要途径。
In order to make clear thesuitable distribution area’s characteristics of Pinus yunnanensis and its’varietas P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea in Yunnan Province,with MaxEnt model and Arcgis 10.2 platform,358 distribution sites of P.yunnanensis,248 distribution sites of P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea and 81 ecological factors were used to analyze suitable distribution pattern of P.yunnanensis and P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea.In the horizontal pattern,the high and medium suitable distribution areas of P.yunnanensis account for 52.92%,and those of P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea account for 34.08%of the total provincial area,their main overlap suitable distribution areas account for 13.88%of the total provincial area.In the vertical pattern,their distribution range is roughly the same,in the range of 2000-2500 m,both of them have the maximum distribution area and the proportion of distribution area,at higher and lower altitudes,the distribution area and the proportion of area decrease gradually,the upper and lower limits of their altitude distribution are around 4000 and 1000 m,respectively.Precipitation in the transitional period of dry and rainy season,precipitation in the driest season,isothermality,annual average temperature,average temperature in the coldest season,slope,30-100 cm soil gravel ratio,human footprint are the critical ecological factors limiting P.yunnanensis and P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea’s distribution.The difference in optimum range of key ecological factors between P.yunnanensis and P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea indicated that P.yunnanensis var.pygmaea has narrower niche and more adaption for extreme ecological conditions.The main causes of the widespread degradation of P.yunnanensis forests in its suitable distribution areas are the loss of good breed and improper human disturbance,and the cultivation of high-quality P.yunnanensis breed and restoration of zonal vegetation are important ways to improve the comprehensive ecological benefit of forest ecosystem.
作者
陈剑
张珊珊
罗婷
郑畹
杨文忠
李建伟
王有兵
王生
Chen Jian;Zhang Shanshan;Luo Ting;Zheng Wan;Yang Wenzhong;Li Jianwei;Wang Youbing;Wang Sheng(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming 650201,P.R.China;Dali Branch of Yunnan Forestry Investigation and Planning Institute)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期8-14,共7页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
2019中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(YDZX201953000002889)
云南省林业和草原科学院创新项目(MS2019-08、QN2019-03)。
关键词
云南松
地盘松
MaxEnt模型
适生区格局
生态因子
Pinus yunnanensis
Pinus yunnanensis var.pygmaea
MaxEnt model
Suitable distribution pattern
Ecological factors
作者简介
第一作者:陈剑,男,1978年9月生,云南省林业和草原科学院,助理研究员。E-mail:chenjianyaf@126.com;通信作者:杨文忠,云南省林业和草原科学院,研究员。E-mail:wzyang2004@126.com。
