摘要
为探讨施氮后移对胡麻同化物、氮素及产量形成的协调机理,在全生育期总施氮量150kg/hm^(2)的基础上,以全部基施为对照(CK,N1),设置4种施氮后移处理:2/3基肥+1/3现蕾肥(N2)、1/2基肥+1/2现蕾肥(N3)、1/3基肥+2/3现蕾肥(N4)、1/3基肥+1/3分茎肥+1/3现蕾肥(N5),研究其在胡麻关键生育时期对叶面积、SPAD、干物质积累特性、氮素利用及产量的影响。结果表明:生育前期,N2和N3处理胡麻单株叶面积较N1处理分别增加了11.8%~19.6%;生育后期,N4和N5处理胡麻SPAD值、单株干物质积累量、净同化率和相对生长率较N1处理分别增加了10.5%~20.6%、15.6%~17.7%、63.0%~63.6%和40.5%~44.3%;茎、叶氮素转运量与转运率依次分别较N1处理提高了43.1%~47.4%和28.6%~35.3%、35.7%~51.4%和9.7%~11.1%;有效蒴果数、分枝数和千粒重较N1处理分别增加了7.3%~9.6%、8.7%~14.4%和12.1%~22.3%;生物产量、籽粒产量和收获指数分别较N1处理显著增加了8.0%~13.0%、8.8%~17.0%和0.8%~4.5%。因此,在黄土高原旱区,总施氮量150kg/hm^(2)时,N4和N5的施氮模式可作为胡麻高产的适宜施氮参考模式。
In order to explore the coordination mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer proportion on oil flax assimilation,nitrogen accumulation and yield,the total nitrogen application rate was 150 kg/hm^(2)during the whole growth period.Total N applied as base fertilizer as the control(CK,N1),and four nitrogen fertilizer postponing treatments were set:2/3 base fertilizer+1/3 sprouting fertilizer(N2),1/2 basal fertilizer+1/2 sprouting fertilizer(N3),1/3 basal fertilizer+2/3 sprouting fertilizer(N4),1/3 basal fertilizer+1/3 split stem fertilizer+1/3 budding fertilizer(N5),its effects on the leaf area,SPAD,dry matter accumulation characteristics,nitrogen utilization and yield of oil flax were studied in the key growth period.The results showed that the leaf area per plant of N2 and N3 treatments increased by 11.8%-19.6%compared with that of N1 treatment,respectively.At late growth stage,the SPAD value,dry matter accumulation per plant,net assimilation rate and relative growth rate of N4 and N5 treatments increased by 10.5%-20.6%,15.6%-17.7%,63.0%-63.6%and 40.5%-44.3%compared with that of N1 treatment,respectively;the nitrogen transport capacity and transport rate of stem and leaf increased by 43.1%-47.4%and 28.6%~35.3%,35.7%-51.4%and 9.7%-11.1%,respectively;the number of effective capsules,number of branches and 1000-seed weight increased by 7.3%-9.6%,8.7%-14.4%and 12.1%-22.3%,respectively;the biomass,grain yield and harvest index increased by 8.0%-13.0%,8.8%-17.0%and 0.8%-4.5%,respectively.Therefore,in the arid area of the Loess Plateau,when the total nitrogen application rate is 150 kg/hm^(2),the nitrogen application modes of N4 and N5 can be used as suitable reference modes for high-yield oil flax.
作者
麻丽娟
高玉红
剡斌
王一帆
崔政军
吴兵
MA Lijuan;GAO Yuhong;YAN Bin;WANG Yifan;CUI Zhengjun;WU Bing(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province,Ianzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)
出处
《中国麻业科学》
2021年第4期168-177,共10页
Plant Fiber Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金(31760363,32060437)
现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-16)
甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育项目(Gaufx-02J05)。
关键词
施氮后移
胡麻
干物质
氮素积累转运
产量
postponing nitrogen application
oil flax
dry matter
nitrogen accumulation and transportation
yield
作者简介
麻丽娟(1995-),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为植物分子生理及营养调控。E-mail:1047833997@qq.com;通信作者:吴兵(1981-)男,副教授,博士,研究方向为作物生长调控与生理生态研究。E-mail:wub@gsau.edu.cn。
