摘要
马仙姑信仰是晋东南地区特殊的一种民间信仰,其主神马仙姑为人格神。马氏为河北洺州永年人,金元之际辗转来到高平西通义里,在董峰山下行医施药治病救人,坐化后信徒修建仙姑祠堂,是为马仙姑信仰之始。早期马仙姑信仰道教色彩浓厚,仙姑庙元明两代一度受到官方的庇护和重视。进入清代以来,道教地位式微,马仙姑信仰蜕变为标准的民间信仰,仙姑庙成为“七庄”共祀中心。道光以后,随着马仙姑多次显灵,治病求雨两大功能得以彰显,仙姑信仰的辐射范围急剧扩大,大大突破了地缘性的特征。同治时知县龙汝霖改革,马仙姑信仰遭受挫折,至光绪时才有恢复,但影响大不如前。现代马仙姑信仰功能呈现多元化,但仍为地缘性民间信仰。信仰的嬗变,折射世俗制度和社会秩序的变化,成为政府、村社、民众互动与博弈的缩影。
Ma Xiangu belief is a special folk belief in Southeastern Shanxi,and the principal Ma Xiangu is the personality god.Ma was a native of Yongnian in Mingzhou,Hebei.During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,she went to Tongyili,West of Gaoping,where she practiced medicine and cured people beneath Dong Feng Mountains.After Ma Xiangu died,her disciples built a temple for her,which was the beginning of the belief.The early Ma Xiangu belief was strongly Taoist,and Xiangu Temple was once protected and valued by officials in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.Since Qing Dynasty,Taoism declined in status,and Ma Xiangu belief became a standard folk belief.Xiangu Temple became the"Seven Villages"common worshipping center.After the period of Emperor Daoguang reign,with the many apparitions of Ma Xiangu,the two functions of healing and seeking rain were revealed,and the radiation range of Xiangu belief was expanded rapidly,which greatly broke through the geographical characteristics.With the county magistrate Long Rulin’s reformation during the period of Tongzhi reign,Ma Xiangu belief suffered setbacks,which was not recovered until the period of Guangxu regin,but the impact was much less than before.The function of modern Ma Xiangu belief is diversified,though still a geographical folk belief.The change of belief reflects the change of secular system and social order,and becomes the miniature of the interaction and game between government,village community and people.
出处
《农业考古》
北大核心
2021年第4期248-255,共8页
Agricultural Archaeology
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国传统村落价值体系与异地扶贫搬迁中的传统村落保护研究”(项目编号:17JZD052)
山西省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“清代山西民间禁赌碑刻史料整理与研究”(项目编号:201803002)。
关键词
清代
马仙姑信仰
高平
圣姑庙
Qing Dynasty
Ma Xiangu belief
Gaoping
Shenggu temples
作者简介
魏晓锴,男,历史学博士,山西大学历史文化学院教授,研究方向为区域社会史、山西地方史。
