摘要
本文基于前景理论和社会嵌入理论构建了"风险规避、社会网络与农户化肥过量施用行为"的理论分析框架,利用东北三省741户玉米种植农户的实地调研数据,运用Heckman两阶段模型进行实证分析,揭示了风险规避、社会网络对农户化肥过量施用行为的影响机理。研究结果表明,(1)农户出于规避风险的化肥施用行为具有刚性特征。风险规避不仅提高了农户选择过量施用化肥的可能性,更显著增加了其过量施用化肥的程度;(2)社会网络不仅降低了农户选择化肥过量施用行为的可能性,也减少了农户化肥过量施用程度,但化肥施用的刚性依赖会在一定程度上削弱社会网络对化肥过量施用程度的负向影响;(3)社会网络仅是在一定程度上抑制农户出于风险规避而选择过量施用化肥的可能性,但无法抑制农户出于规避风险对化肥过量施用的路径依赖;(4)农户不同的生产要素对化肥过量施用行为具有不同的替代效应或互补效应。因此,推进风险管理正式制度建设、强化面向施肥经验交流的农村社会网络建设、建立化肥减施补偿制度、推动农业生产社会化,对增强农户的科学生产意识、促进农业生产化肥减量增效具有重要意义。
Based on prospect theory and social embeddedness theory, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of "risk aversion, social network and farmers’ overuse of chemical fertilizer".Based on the field survey data of 741 maize farmers in northeastern provinces, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage model to conduct empirical analysisandreveals the mechanism of risk aversion and social network on farmers’ overuse of chemical fertilizer.The results show that:(1)in order to avoid risks, farmers’ fertilizer application behavior is rigid. Risk aversion not only increases the possibility of farmers choosing excessive application of chemical fertilizer but also significantly increases the degree of excessive application of chemical fertilizer;(2)social network not only reduces the possibility of farmers to choose the excessive application of chemical fertilizer but also reduces the degree of excessive application of chemical fertilizer. However, the rigid dependence of chemical fertilizer application will weaken the negative impact of social network on the degree of excessive application of chemical fertilizer to a certain extent;(3)social network can only restrain the possibility of farmers choosing excessive application of chemical fertilizer for risk aversion to a certain extent, but can not restrain the path dependence of farmers on excessive application of chemical fertilizer for risk aversion;(4)different input factors of farmers have different substitution effects or complementary effects on the overuse of chemical fertilizer.Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance farmers’ awareness of scientific production and promote fertilizer reduction and production efficiency of agricultural production, which promote the construction of formal risk management system, strengthen the construction of the rural social network for the exchange of fertilization experience, and establish the compensation system of chemical fertilizer reduction and promote the socialization of agricultural production.
作者
吕杰
刘浩
薛莹
韩晓燕
LV Jie;LIU Hao;XUE Ying;HAN Xiaoyan
出处
《农业技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期4-17,共14页
Journal of Agrotechnical Economics
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“东北一熟区种植模式资源效率与生态经济评价”(编号:2016YFD0300210)
国家自然科学基金项目“基于交易费用的农户农业生产性服务行为与契约选择研究”(编号:71873090)。
作者简介
通讯作者:韩晓燕。
