摘要
提高农业保险保障水平是中国农业保险政策改革的重要举措,已有文献对农业保险保障水平如何影响农户生产效率关注不足。为此,基于湖北、江西、四川以及云南1290户农户数据,从农业保险的主体异质性出发,实证研究了农业保险保障水平对农户生产效率的影响。研究结果表明:①农业保险保障水平对农户生产效率存在“倒U型”影响,说明当前学界关于农业保险促进还是抑制生产效率争议的重要原因是忽视了保障水平差异等农业保险的主体异质性。②在“倒U型”影响的促进机制中,保障水平的提高可以带动短期投资增长、提高种植结构专业化水平以及增加贷款获取,从而提高了农业生产效率;当保障水平进一步提高并越过“道德风险的门槛”后,农户短期和长期农业投资均出现下降,并选择将家庭劳动力向非农产业转移,从而导致农业生产效率下降。③农业保险保障水平对生产效率的影响表现出一定的异质性,从经营规模看,小农户相比规模经营户对保障水平的反应更敏感;从种植作物类型看,不同类型作物的生产效率拐点亦存在差异。研究结果具有以下政策启示:一方面,当前农业保险保障水平大致处在30%~40%,距离生产效率拐点的保障水平临界值(70.9%)还有足够的提升空间,因此在这一阶段提高保障水平既是发挥农业保险“稳定器”的客观需求,也具有提高生产效率发挥“助推器”作用的内在动力;另一方面,鉴于小农户对保障水平更“敏感”的特性,使得以小农户为主体的我国农业更应警惕并提前规避可能出现的“高保障-低效率”陷阱。
Improving the level of agricultural insurance security is an important measure of China’s agricultural insurance policy reform.The existing literature has not paid enough attention to how the level of agricultural insurance affects farmers’production efficiency.Based on the data of 1,290 households in Hubei,Jiangxi,Sichuan and Yunnan,this paper empirically studied the impact of agricultural insurance security level on farmers’production efficiency from the perspective of the subject heterogeneity of agricultural insurance.The results showed that:①There was an‘inverted U-shaped’impact on the production efficiency of farmers,meaning that the main reason of the current dispute of the academic circles on whether agricultural insurance promoted or inhibited the production efficiency was that the subject heterogeneity of agricultural insurance such as the difference of security level was ignored.②In the promotion mechanism of the‘inverted U-shaped’influence,the improvement of security level could promote the growth of short-term investment,improve the level of specialization of planting structure and increase the access to loans,so as to improve the agricultural production efficiency.When the level of security was further improved and the‘threshold of moral hazard’was crossed,the short-term and long-term agricultural investment of farmers would decline,and they would choose to transfer the household labor force to non-agricultural areas,resulting in the decline of agricultural production efficiency.③The impact of agricultural insurance security level on production efficiency showed certain heterogeneity.From the perspective of operation scale,small farmers were more sensitive to the level of security than scale operators.From the perspective of crop types,the inflection points of production efficiency of different types of crops were also different.The results of the study have the following policy implications:On the one hand,the current level of agricultural insurance is roughly between 30%and 40%,and there is enough room for improvement from the critical value(70.9%)of the production efficiency turning point.Therefore,improving the level of security at this stage is not only the objective demand of agricultural insurance‘stabilizer’,but also the‘booster’of production efficiency.On the other hand,in view of the fact that small farmers are more‘sensitive’to the level of security,China’s agriculture with small farmers as the main body should be more vigilant and avoid the‘high security low efficiency’trap in advance.
作者
任天驰
张洪振
杨汭华
REN Tianchi;ZHANG Hongzhen;YANG Ruihua(School of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期161-170,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金“农业规模化经营进程中的农作物收入保险需求及应对机制研究”(批准号:71473252)
“基于风险管理的粮食作物保险绩效研究:方法、水平与提升路径”(批准号:718319)。
关键词
农业保险
保障水平
生产效率
非线性关系
agricultural insurance
security level
production efficiency
nonlinear relation
作者简介
任天驰,博士,主要研究方向为农业经济。E-mail:rentianchi16@foxmial.com;通信作者:杨汭华,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为农业经济。E-mail:cemyrh@163.com.com。
