摘要
最高额保证是就债权人与主债务人之间在一定期间内连续发生的不特定债权,由保证人在最高债权限额内承担保证责任的担保交易。最高额保证与债权确定期间内发生的具体债权之间并无一一对应关系,产生某一具体债权的合同被认定无效,并不影响最高额保证合同的效力。最高债权额是最高额保证确定之前已发生的债权和已获清偿的债权之间的差额,并非指最高额保证确定时已到期的债权余额;最高债权额限度究竟是本金最高限额还是债权总额最高限额,可由当事人具体约定,未作约定的,推定为债权总额最高限额。最高额保证所担保债权的确定,仅发生最高额保证转化为普通保证的效力,债权人此时才有权依法向保证人主张权利,但并不发生使主债务人和保证人丧失期限利益的效力,保证债权的行使仍然要受到纳入被担保范围的具体债权的履行期限是否届满的限制。在当事人未作约定的情形之下,就债权确定之时已经到期的债权,保证期间自债权确定之日开始计算;就债权确定之时尚未到期的债权,保证期间自最后到期债权的履行期限届满之日开始计算。
Maximum amount guarantee means that the guarantor assumes the guarantee responsibility for the indefinite creditor’s right successively incurred in a certain period between the the creditor and the principal debtor within the maximum amount of creditor’s rights.There is no corresponding relationship between the maximum amount guarantee and specific creditor’s rights incurred during the period of incurring creditor’s rights,and the contract giving rise to a specific creditor’s right may be determined as invalid without prejudice to the validity of the maximum amount guarantee contract.The maximum amount of creditor’s rights is the difference between the creditor rights incurred before ascertaining the maximum amount guarantee and those having been paid,rather than the balance of creditor’s rights being due at the time of ascertainment of the maximum amount guarantee.Whether the maximum amount creditor’s rights covers the principal or the total creditor’s rights may be determined through agreement by parties and the maximum amount creditor’s rights shall be presumed as covering the total creditor’s rights if there is no specific agreement.The ascertainment of the obligation under the maximum amount guarantee has only the effect of turning the maximum amount guarantee into the ordinary guarantee,and allowing for the creditor to make a claim to the guarantor,rather than the effect of making the principal debtor and the guarantor lose their maturity benefits,thus the exercise of guarantee right still being subject to the expiry of the exercise of the special creditor’s right under the scope of guarantee.In the absence of agreement between parties,regarding creditor’s rights that are already due at the time of ascertainment of guaranteed creditor’s rights,the term of guarantee commences on the date of the ascertainment;regarding creditor’s rights that are not yet due at the time of such ascertainment,the term of guarantee commences on the date of expiration of the exercise of the creditor’s rights being the last to be due.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第8期2-17,共16页
Political Science and Law
基金
北京市社会科学基金重大规划项目“《民法典》担保制度体系研究”(项目编号:20ZDA01)的阶段性成果。
关键词
最高额保证
本金最高限额
债权确定期限
保证期间
主债务履行期限
Maximum Amount Guarantee
Maximum Amount for the Principal
the Period of Incurring Creditor’s Rights
the Term of Guarantee
the Term of Performance of the Principal Debt
作者简介
高圣平,中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究人员、教育部长江学者奖励计划特聘教授。
