摘要
权利法定原则在知识产权领域中有着广泛的应用空间,对立法和司法都发挥着指引、限定作用。法益是权利的上位概念,《民法典》第126条当中的“法律规定的其他权利和利益”分别指向不同类型的法益。法益生成的法技术性原则分为绝对权法定原则、相对权意定原则和未上升为权利的法益之推定原则三种,分别对应着设权模式、合同法模式和反不正当竞争法模式三类不同的法益保护模式。法官在个案中通过发挥自由裁量权的方式予以救济的合法利益是未上升为权利的法益,也就是《民法典》第126条中的“利益”。通过解释创设的方式推定“新兴权利”的做法是不符合法理的。对于知识产权单行法中存在着的违背知识产权法定原则的弹性规范表达,未来修法时应有所改变。知识产权法定原则也要求法官在裁判说理时必须谨慎适用开放性概念,明确法益的区分保护。
There is a wide space for the application of the numerus clausus principle in the field of intellectual property,which plays a guiding and limiting role in legislation and judicature.Legal interest is the upper level concept when compared to the concept of right,and the phrase"other rights and interests prescribed by law"provided in Article 126 of the Civil Code refers points to different types of legal interests.There are three kinds of legal technical principles for the creation of legal interests,namely,principle of absolute rights stipulated by laws,principle of relative rights agreed in contract and principle of legal interests that not ascended as rights by presumption,which correspond to three modes of legal interest protection,namely,rights-establishment mode,contract law mode and anti-unfair competition law mode.The legal interest that judge gives relief by exerting his discretion in the case is the legal interest that does not become a right,that is,the"interest"in Article 126 of the Civil Code.We should revise those flexible expressions which conflict with the numerus clausus principle in the specific law that protects intellectual property in the future.The numerus clausus principle requires judges to apply open concepts carefully when judging and reasoning,and protecting legal interests discriminatively.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期71-82,共12页
Intellectual Property
基金
2021年中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助项目《〈著作权法〉中兜底条款的司法适用研究》(资助编号:2021M692048)。
关键词
权利法定原则
绝对权
法益
利益
《民法典》
自由裁量权
numerus clausus principle
absolute rights
legal interests
interests
Civil Code
right of discretion
作者简介
孙山,法学博士,西南政法大学民商法学院副教授,上海交通大学凯原法学院博士后研究人员。
