摘要
南洋楹是一种生长在东南亚热带地区的速生树种,其在锯解过程中产生的刺激性气味极易导致工人打喷嚏和流鼻涕等身体不适。笔者从该木材的微观构造和抽提物着手对刺激性气味的来源及处理技术进行初步探索。分别采用冷水、热水、1%(质量分数)NaOH、1%HCl、苯醇和醚醇6种溶剂对南洋楹木材试样抽提,分析抽提物含量;采用光学显微镜(OM)与扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)对南洋楹木材进行结构观察;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对不同处理材的成分进行表征研究。通过OM对南洋楹木材三切面的观察,可看到大量晶体的排列;经泡沫实验法鉴别,观察到滤液上层有厚约1 cm泡沫,15 min后才逐渐消失,推测南洋楹木材中含有皂苷;采用6种不同溶剂对南洋楹试样抽提后,1%NaOH和1%HCl抽提物含量较高,分别为17.3%±1.1%和13.5%±0.7%,冷水和热水抽提物含量较低,分别为2.9%±0.6%和4.8%±0.9%;经SEM观察发现,1%HCl处理材中晶体含量明显减少,且晶体形状严重破坏。南洋楹木屑产生刺激性气味可能来自木材中有刺激人体黏膜作用的皂苷和木材内部大量晶体锯切破坏后产生的细粉尘。采用1%HCl处理试样,可有效破坏并去除南洋楹木材中的晶体,在锯切时刺激性气味明显减少,从而减少南洋楹木材在锯解过程中对工人呼吸系统的刺激。
Albizia falcataria is a fast-growing broad-leaved tree species growing in tropical areas of Southeast Asia. The trunk of the A. falcataria tree is straight, complete, stable, and easy to be processed, which makes it to be a high-quality raw material for making plywood and paper. However, during the sawing process, the irritation odor of A. falcataria wood always leads to sneezing and runny nose, as well as other physical symptoms, for operators. Studies have shown that, when the crystals in wood are cut and broken to form powder, these fine particles would be inhaled, which causes irritation and damage to the fragile mucosal tissues for human. Although many scholars have studied the physical properties, chemical properties, growth characteristics and economic value of the wood of jacaranda, there are limited studies on the destruction and removal of the irritation odor source from the microstructure and crystal structure of the wood. In this study, the source and treatment technology of irritation odor were explored from the aspect of microstructures and extractives of the wood. Six solvents including cold water, hot water, 1%(wt%)NaOH, 1%HCl, benzene-ethanol mixture and ethyl ether-ethanol mixture were used to extract the samples of A. falcataria wood. The structure of A. falcataria wood was observed by the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM). In addition, the fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) was used to characterize the components of different treated samples. A large number of crystal arrangements can be clearly observed through the observation of three sections of A. falcataria wood under an optical microscope. The foam on the upper layer of the filtrate was about 1 cm thick and disappeared after about 15 min of the treatment, which revealed that there were saponins in A. falcataria wood. After the extraction with six solvents, the contents of 1%NaOH and 1%HCl extracts were increased, consisting 17.3%±1.1% and 13.5%±0.7%, respectively, and the contents of cold and hot water extracts were reduced, containing 2.9%±0.6% and 4.8%±0.9%, respectively. The SEM showed that the number of crystals in the samples treated with 1%HCl was significantly reduced, and the crystal shape was severely destroyed. The pungent smell of A. falcataria sawdust may come from saponins in the wood and dust produced by large amounts of crystal breakages during sawing, which stimulate human mucous membrane. The samples treated with 1%HCl can effectively destroy and remove the crystals in A. falcataria. The irritation odor of A. falcataria can be significantly reduced or completely removed during sawing, thus reducing undesirable irritants to operators’ respiratory system.
作者
王婕
徐飞扬
张文豪
周健超
王慧
孙芳利
季晓峰
WANG Jie;XU Feiyang;ZHANG Wenhao;ZHOU Jianchao;WANG Hui;SUN Fangli;JI Xiaofeng(School of Engineering,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Jiashan King Coconut Integral Cabinet Co.LTD.,Jiashan 314100,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期101-106,共6页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(32071853)
浙江省自然科学基金(LZ20C160004)
浙江省重大专项项目(2019C02037)。
关键词
南洋楹木材
微观构造
刺激气味
抽提物
皂苷
晶体
Albizia falcataria
microstructure
irritation odor
extractive
saponin
crystal
作者简介
王婕,女,研究方向为木竹材保护与改性;通信作者:孙芳利,女,教授。E⁃mail:20000050@zafu.edu.cn。
