摘要
【目的】大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))浓度升高会影响作物光合作用,土壤中添加生物炭能够影响作物根系生长,但关于二者互作对作物的影响尚未有明确结论,鉴于此,我们研究了CO_(2)浓度升高与施用生物炭两者互作对作物的影响。【方法】盆栽试验在北京昌平进行,供试水稻品种为吉粳88。试验共设计4个处理,常规大气CO_(2)浓度(CK)、常规大气CO_(2)浓度+生物炭(B)、高浓度CO_(2)(F)、高浓度CO_(2)+生物炭(F+B),常规大气和高浓度CO_(2)分别为400和550μmol/mol,生物炭添加量为20 g/kg。于水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期取样,测定株高、各器官生物量、产量构成因素。【结果】相较于CK,其他3个处理均提高了分蘖期、拔节期和抽穗期的水稻株高,F+B处理株高在3个时期平均分别增加了2.4%、1.3%、4.9%(P<0.01)。相较于CK,其他3个处理均增加了水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期的单茎、叶片、根系和地上部总干重,B处理和F处理对水稻叶片、根系和地上部总干重的影响均达到极显著水平,F+B处理仅对根系干重的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。与CK相比,F+B处理的水稻根冠比在分蘖期没有显著变化,抽穗期增加了10.7%,而拔节期和成熟期分别降低了5.0%、12.7%。相较对照,常规大气CO_(2)浓度下施生物炭(B)及单增CO_(2)浓度处理(F)水稻穗长和千粒重增幅达到极显著水平。F+B处理水稻产量构成均表现出增加趋势,仅对千粒重的影响达到极显著水平。【结论】高CO_(2)浓度有利于水稻植株地上部和地下部生长及干物质积累,但会降低结实率及最终产量;在高CO_(2)浓度下配施生物炭不仅促进植株生长和干物质积累的效果更佳,还显著提高产量构成因素,显示出良好的互作效应。
【Objectives】Elevation of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration affects the photosynthesis of crops,and the application of biochar is beneficial to the root growth of crops.This paper investigates the interaction effects of elevated CO_(2) and biochar application to reference proper nutrient management for increasing elevated CO_(2) concentration in the future.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted in Changping,Beijing,using Jijing 88 as rice variety.There were 4 treatments in the experiment:normal ambient CO_(2) concentration without biochar(CK)and with biochar(B),and high CO_(2) concentration without biochar(F)and with biochar(F+B).The normal and high atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations were 400μmol/mol and 550μmol/mol,and the biochar application rate was 20 g/kg.Rice samples were collected at the tillering,jointing,heading,and maturity stage to determine plant height and biomass distribution.Yield and yield components were investigated at harvest.【Results】Compared with CK,treatment B significantly increased rice plant height at tillering,joingting and heading stage,but not at the maturing stage,while treatment F and F+B did not significantly increase plant height at all the four stages.B,F,and F+B treatments all increased total dry weight of single stem,leaf,root system,and above-ground biomass of rice at the stages under consideration.The total dry weight of rice leaf,root system and above-ground biomass was higher in biochar(B)and high-concentration CO_(2)(F)alone;F+B treatment only had a significantly(P<0.05)impact on the dry weight of roots.Compared with the control(CK),there was no interaction effect(P>0.05)on the rice root-to-shoot ratio at the tillering stage.However,the values increased by 10.7%at the heading stage,decreased by 5.0%at the jointing stage,and by 12.7%at the maturity stage.Application of biochar(B)and elevated CO_(2) concentration(F)(P<0.05)increased rice ear length,grain number,and one thousand-grain weight.Rice yield showed an increasing trend under the interaction of biochar and elevated CO_(2);however,the interaction effect was significant on one thousand-grain weight only.【Conclusions】High-concentration CO_(2) and biochar show a significant positive interaction effect on rice growth and yield components.Increasing atmospheric CO_(2) concentration is beneficial to the growth and dry matter accumulation of rice plants above and below ground,but it reduces the seed setting rate and yield.Combined application of biochar under high CO_(2) concentration not only promotes plant growth and dry matter accumulation,but also significantly increases yield components,showing a good interaction effect.
作者
张凤哲
谢立勇
赵洪亮
金殿玉
ZHANG Feng-zhe;Xie Li-yong;ZHAO Hong-liang;JIN Dian-yu(Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期929-937,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41875141,41175097)。
作者简介
张凤哲,E-mail:zhangfengzhe@126.com;通信作者:谢立勇,E-mail:xly0910@163.com。
