摘要
目的分析2019年重庆市九龙坡区重点职业病危害因素和重点职业病监测数据并进行职业健康风险评估,为控制和预防职业病危害提供科学依据。方法收集2019年九龙坡区工作场所职业病危害因素监测资料、职业健康检查资料、职业病报告资料及肿瘤患者登记资料,用Excel 2007软件对收集的数据进行汇总和分析。结果 2019年九龙坡区开展职业病危害因素监测企业50家,噪声岗位超标率为34.12%,粉尘岗位超标率为7.29%。对涉及重点职业病危害因素的1 120家企业接触重点职业病因素的20 279名劳动者进行了职业健康检查,检出疑似职业病51人,职业禁忌证536人。新确诊职业病20例,其中尘肺病11例,慢性苯中毒2例,急性一氧化碳中毒3例,噪声聋4例。粉尘作业工人胸片尘肺样改变25例,用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力肺活量占用力肺活量比值(FEV1.0/FVC%)异常率分别为7.71%和1.29%;苯作业人员白细胞、中性粒细胞和血小板异常率分别为3.43%、1.37%和0.75%;噪声作业人员双耳高频平均听阈异常率为18.61%;甲醛工人血嗜酸性粒细胞异常率为10.51%。33例18~60岁肿瘤患者所患肿瘤可能与职业相关。结论九龙坡区需重点控制的职业病危害因素为噪声、粉尘和苯,尘肺、职业性噪声聋和职业中毒为九龙坡区重点职业病,制造业为重点监控行业,私有微、小型企业为重点监控企业,应针对不同行业的职业病风险特征,做好重点行业、重点单位和重点人群的监督。
Objective To analyzes the surveillance data of key occupational hazards and key occupational diseases in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing in 2019,assess the occupational health risks,and provide a scientific basis for controlling and preventing occupational disease hazards. Methods The monitoring data of occupational hazards in the workplace,occupational health check information,occupational disease report materials,and cancer patient registration data in Jiulongpo District in 2019,and Excel 2007 software was used to summarize and analyze the data. Results In Jiulongpo District,the occupational hazards monitoring was performed in 50 enterprises in 2019,and the over-standard rate of noise positions and dust positions was 34.12% and 7.29%respectively. 20 279 workers exposed to key occupational-disease-inductive factors in 1 120 enterprises underwent occupational health examination,and there were 51 workers were found to be suspected of occupational diseases and 536 with occupational contraindications. There were 20 newly confirmed cases of occupational diseases,including 11 cases of pneumoconiosis,2 cases of chronic benzene poisoning,3 cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning,and 4 cases of occupational noise-induced deafness.There were 25 cases of pneumoconiosis like changes in chest X-ray of dust exposed workers,and the abnormal rates of forced vital capacity( FVC) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to FVC(FEV1.0/FVC%) was 7.71% and 1.29%respectively. The abnormal rates of leukocytes,neutrophils and platelets in benzene exposed workers were 3.43%,1.37% and 0.75%respectively. The abnormal rate of binaural high frequency average hearing threshold in noise-exposed workers was 18.61%. The abnormal rate of eosinophils in formaldehyde exposed workers was 10.51%. The tumors of 33 patients aged 18~60 years may be related to their occupations. Conclusion The occupational hazard factors that needs to be controlled in Jiulongpo district is noise,dust and benzene. Pneumoconiosis,occupational noise deafness,and occupational poisoning are the key occupational diseases in this area. Manufacturing industry is the focus of the monitoring industry. Private,micro and small enterprises are the key monitoring enterprises. According to the characteristics of occupational disease risk in different industries,it is necessary to improve the supervision in key industries,key units and key groups.
作者
鲜莉
陶媛
秦军
伍奕
张姗姗
程淑群
XIAN Li;TAO Yuan;QIN Jun;WU Yi;ZHANG Shan-shan;CHENG Shu-qun(Occupational Health Department,Jiulongpo District Center for Duieme Control and Prevention,Chongqing,400039,China;School of Public Health and Management,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,400016,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2021年第4期441-444,449,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
重点职业病
监测
职业健康
风险评估
Key occupational diseases
Monitoring
Occupational health
Risk assessment
作者简介
鲜莉,女,主任医师,主要从事职业卫生管理工作;通信作者:程淑群,教授,E-mail:871222238@qq.com。
