摘要
目的了解2018年宜昌市重点职业病监测现状,提出重点防控的行业、企业和人群,找出存在的主要问题,为制订重点职业病防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集2018年宜昌市重点职业病危害相关信息、重点职业病职业健康检查情况和重点职业病报告情况进行统计分析。结果重点职业病危害因素居首位的是制造业(720家,42.1%),以小型(875家,51.2%)和中型(476家,27.9%)企业为主。重点职业病危害因素的职业健康检查为16 420人次,检查率为55.7%;8 214名粉尘作业工人胸片专项检查结果显示"尘肺样改变"300人,异常率为3.65%。831名苯作业工人专项检查结果中,出现白细胞异常者46人,异常率为5.53%;中性粒细胞结果异常者37人,异常率为4.45%;血小板结果异常者3人,异常率为0.36%。7 322名噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈专项检查结果显示,双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB(A)共902人,异常率为12.32%。2018年宜昌市新增职业病病例262人,其中重点职业病病例212人,占80.9%。结论宜昌市重点职业病监测应以煤炭、磷矿开采和洗选辅助活动及设备加工制造等为重点防控行业;以私有、国有企业经济类型中的中、小型企业人群为重点防控人群;将矽肺、煤工尘肺、噪声聋及慢性苯中毒列为重点职业病。
Objective To understand the status quo of major occupational disease monitoring in Yichang City in 2018,put forward the major industries,enterprises and population of prevention and control,find out the main problems,and provide the basis for the formulation of major occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods Relevant information of the major occupational disease hazards,the status of the occupational health examination of the major occupational disease and the reports of the major occupational disease in Yichang City in 2018 were collected for statistical analysis. Results The manufacturing industry had the highest number of people harmed by major occupational-disease-inductive factors(720 enterprises,42.1%),and the enterprises were mainly small(875 enterprises,51.2%) and medium-sized(476 enterprises,27.9%). Totally 16 420 person-time of occupational health examination on major occupational-disease-inductive factors were performed,with the examination rate of55.7%. Among 8 214 dust-exposed workers who have received the chest X-ray examination,300 had the pneumoconiosis-like change,with an abnormal rate of 3.65%. Among 831 benzene-exposed workers who have received the special examination,there were 46 cases of abnormal results of leukocyte with an abnormal rate of 5.53%,37 cases of abnormal results of neutrophils with an abnormal rate of 4.45%,and 3 cases of abnormal results of platelet with an abnormal rate of 0.36%. Among 7 322 noise-exposed workers who have received the binaural high-frequency average threshold examination,902 had the results of binaural highfrequency average threshold≥40 dB(A), with an abnormal rate of 12.32%. In 2018,there were 262 new cases of occupational diseases,including 212 cases of major occupational diseases,accounting for 80.9%. Conclusion The monitoring of major occupational diseases in Yichang City should focus on the prevention and control on the industries such as coal mining,phosphate mining,auxiliary washing activities and equipment processing and manufacturing,and pay attention to the workers in medium and small enterprises in private and state-owned economic types. Silicosis,coal worker’s pneumoconiosis,noise deafness and chronic benzene poisoning should be listed as major occupational diseases.
作者
李燕
LI Yan(Public Health Monitoring Institute,Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yichang Hubei,443000,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第2期150-153,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
重点职业病
职业健康风险评估
预防
控制
策略
Major occupational disease
Occupational health risk assessment
Prevention
Control
Strategies
作者简介
李燕,女,主管医师,主要从事职业病防治相关工作。
