摘要
为探究2018-2020年太湖鱼类群落结构现状及其与湖泊环境的关系,采用定制网具在不同湖区设置24个点位,采集40个点位鱼类样品进行鉴定分析。调查共采集鱼类52种4 160尾,隶属6目11科37属,数量优势种为湖鲚(Coilia nasus/Coilia ectenes taihuensis),质量优势种为鲤(Cyprinus carpio),鱼类群落呈现出表层小型鱼类占主导、肉食性鱼类比重下降的特点。基于群落数据对点位进行Ward最小方差聚类发现,太湖西北部湖区与东南部湖区可分别聚为不同组。对鱼类群落和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析,结果显示水体透明度、pH值、水温、高锰酸盐指数和鱼类生物完整性指数5个环境参数为关键因子:高锰酸盐指数为影响部分捕食及杂食性鱼类的主要环境因子,透明度为影响■和翘嘴鲌的主要环境因子,pH为影响黄颡鱼的主要环境因子,鱼类生物完整性指数为影响黑鳍鳈的主要环境因子。基于太湖水生态环境现状及现有鱼类生物操纵手段,建议适当增加鲌类等肉食性鱼类数量,利用下行效应控制湖鲚优势度,进而壮大浮游动物种群以抑制浮游藻类。
Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in China.The fish community and the correlations between the fish species and environmental factors were investigated from 2018 to 2020.Customized gillnets and fixed cages were arranged to conduct 40 sampling events at the 24 sampling points in different regions of the lake.Taxonomic identification of the 4160 specimens revealed that all the bony fishes,belong to 6 orders,11 families,37 genera,and 52 species.Coilia nasus(specifically a geographical/ecological population formerly recognized as Coilia ectenes taihuensis)dominated in numbers,and Cyprinus carpio dominated by weight.The lake′s fish community is characterized by a dominance of small-sized surface-dwelling fishes and a decreasing proportion of carnivorous fishes.Cluster analysis of the fish community data(Ward′s minimum-variance method)showed different assemblages in the northwestern and southeastern areas of the lake.Canonical correspondence analysis of environmental variables in relation to the fish community data found that water clarity(SD),pH,a fish-based index of biotic integrity(F-IBI),water temperature,and the chemical oxygen demand based on potassium permanganate(COD Mn)were key factors.COD Mn was the main environmental factor affecting several of the predatory and omnivorous species.Hemiculter leucisculus and Culter alburnus were mainly influenced by SD;Tachysurus fulvidraco by pH;and Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis by F-IBI.On the basis of the present aquatic environment and the existing methods for biomanipulation of fish communities,management efforts to increase the carnivorous fish such as the species of Culter and Cultrichthys would reduce the dominance of Coilia nasus,thereby expanding the zooplankton population available to suppress planktonic algae.
作者
张翔
沈伟
周国栋
ZHANG Xiang;SHEN Wei;ZHOU Guo-dong(Jiangsu Changzhou Environment Monitoring Center,Changzhou 213001,China;Jiangsu Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Aquatic Biomonitoring,Changzhou 213001,China)
出处
《生态与农村环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期674-680,共7页
Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment
基金
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07208002,2018ZX07208004)
江苏省环境监测科研基金(2010)。
关键词
太湖
聚类分析
多元数据
环境污染状况
生物操纵
Lake Taihu
cluster analysis
multivariate data
polluted condition
biomanipulation
作者简介
通信作者:张翔(1985—),男,江苏常州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水生生物研究与评价。E-mail:zxatlan@126.com。
