摘要
[目的]明确南平市延平区马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus)的发生趋势,为当地应用白僵菌防治马尾松毛虫提供参考。[方法]调查近10年延平区马尾松毛虫的发生面积与发生程度,总结当地马尾松毛虫的发生特点;采用不同剂型球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)对马尾松毛虫越冬幼虫进行了室内致病力测定及林间防治试验。[结果]近10年来马尾松毛虫在延平区呈周期性波动趋势,间隔3~5 a爆发一次,主要以轻度危害为主,2015年全区危害等级保持在中度水平,2011、2019年延平区存在局部大面积的重度危害。使用含孢量为10×10^(9)个·g^(-1)的不同剂型球孢白僵菌接种后,喷粉处理5 d时马尾松毛虫幼虫死亡率为72.8%,14 d的死亡率为83.7%,校正死亡率为87.6%;喷雾处理5 d的马尾松毛虫幼虫死亡率为64.5%,14 d的死亡率为79.3%,校正死亡率为82.8%。林间防治试验中,在幼虫越冬期按1.125 g·m-2进行防治,施菌14 d后,防治效果可达85.3%。[结论]采用两种剂型白僵菌处理后,喷粉方式接种的马尾松毛虫幼虫死亡率和校正死亡率均显著高于喷雾处理,且死亡速度较快。林间防治可显著降低越冬代和第1代幼虫虫口密度。使用白僵菌进行防治可有效保护南平市延平区松林健康和生态安全。
[Purpose]To investigate the occurrence trend of Dendrolimus punctatus in Yanping District,Nanping City,and to provide reference for the control of D.punctatus by Beauveria bassiana in the local area.[Method]The occurrence area and occurrence extent of Pinus massoniana in Yanping District were investigated in the past 10 years,and the characteristics of occurrence of D.punctatus in Yanping District were summarized.The pathogenicity of B.bassiana on overwintering larvae of D.punctatus was determined in the laboratory and the control experiments were carried out in the forests.[Result]In the past 10 years,there was a periodic fluctuation trend on D.punctatus occurrence in Yanping District with outbreak every 3-5 years and mainly mild damage.But the region's damage level remained at a moderate level in 2015,there was a large area of severely damaged stands in 2011 and 2019.After inoculating with different formulations,the mortality of D.punctatus reached 72.8% at 5 d,83.7% at 14 d.The corrected mortality was 87.6%.The mortality of spray-treated D.punctatus larvae with 1×10^(9) spores·mL^(-1) of B.bassiana was 64.5% at 5 d and 79.3% at 14 d.The corrected mortality was 82.8%.In the forest control experiment,1.125 g·m^(-2) of B.bassiana was applied to control overwintering larvae,and the control effect reached 85.3% after 14 days.[Conclusion]The mortality and corrected mortality of D.punctatus larvae inoculated by powder sparying were significantly higher than those inoculated by mist spray treatment and the perishment process after infection was faster.Above control measure can significantly reduce the density of overwintering larvae and the first generation larvae in upcoming year,which can effectively protect the health and ecological security of pine forests in Yanping District.
作者
周忠康
ZHOU Zhongkang(Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Yanping District,Nanping City,Nanping,Fujian 353000,China)
出处
《亚热带农业研究》
2021年第1期57-61,共5页
Subtropical Agriculture Research
基金
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(闽[2020]TG11号)。
关键词
白僵菌
马尾松毛虫
越冬代
防治效果
Beauveria bassiana
Dendrolimus punctatus
overwintering generation
control effect
作者简介
第一作者:周忠康(1966-),男,工程师。研究方向:森林培育与保护。Email:npzzk701@126.com。
