摘要
【目的】探明滴灌施肥对华北典型种植类型农田N2O排放的影响差异与减排贡献,并明确其综合调控机制,为区域农业生产碳氮优化调控及滴灌施肥技术在华北推广应用提供科学支撑和技术储备。【方法】选择两种典型的作物种植模式(冬小麦-夏玉米轮作和设施菜地)为研究对象,分别设置了4个处理,即对照(CK)、常规漫灌施肥(FP)、滴灌施肥(FPD)和滴灌优化施肥(OPTD),利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对这两种系统土壤N2O排放进行了连续观测分析。【结果】两种作物系统N2O排放通量变化均与5 cm深土壤温度显著正相关(P<0.05),均在基肥期出现最高排放峰值。在设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统中,FP处理N2O排放总量均为最高,分别达到(5.47±0.23)和(1.70±0.02)kg N·hm^(-2)。对于N2O排放强度,设施蔬菜系统中FP处理为(159.72±2.47)g N·t^(-1),远低于粮食作物系统(258.41±6.35)g N·t^(-1),未来N2O减排的关注点仍在粮食作物生产。滴灌施肥可显著降低两种系统N2O排放总量,相比FP处理,在设施蔬菜系统中滴灌施肥可显著减少19.0%(P<0.05),而在粮食作物系统中可减少达到35.0%(P<0.05)。此外,当两种系统施氮量分别降低50%和30%后,在保证作物产量下其减排贡献可分别扩大到30.2%和45.8%。【结论】设施蔬菜和粮食作物系统土壤N2O排放特征存在明显差异,粮食作物生产N2O排放强度明显高于设施蔬菜生产,应进一步关注。同时,滴灌施肥技术在华北农田两种典型的作物系统中均能较好地减少N2O排放,对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统N2O减排贡献更大,具有在华北平原进一步推广应用的潜力。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact differences and emission reduction contribution of drip irrigation and fertilization on N2O emissions from farmland of typical planting types in North China, and to clarify its comprehensive control mechanism, so as to provide scientific support and technical reserves for the optimization and control of regional agricultural production carbon and nitrogen and the promotion and application of drip fertilization technology in North China.【Method】Two typical crop planting modes(winter wheat-summer corn rotation and facility vegetable fields) were selected as the research objects, and four treatments were set, namely control(CK), conventional flood irrigation fertilization(FP), drip irrigation fertilization(FPD), and drip irrigation Optimized fertilization(OPTD). Continuous static observation and analysis of soil N2O emissions from these two systems were performed by using automatic static chamber-gas chromatography.【Result】The changes of N2O fluxes from the two crop systems were significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature of 5 cm(P<0.05), and both crop systems had the highest N2O emission peak during the basal fertilizer period. In the greenhouse vegetable and food crop systems, the total cumulative N2O emissions of FP treatment were the highest, reaching(5.47±0.23) and(1.70±0.02) kg N·hm-2, respectively. For the N2O emission intensity per unit yield, the FP treatment in the facility vegetable system was(159.72±2.47) g N·t^(-1), which was much lower than the grain crop system(258.41±6.35) g N·t^(-1). The focus of future N2O emission reduction was still food crop production. Drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly reduce the total N2O emissions of the two systems. Compared with FP treatment, drip irrigation and fertilization in facility vegetable systems could significantly reduce the total N2O emissions by 19.0%(P<0.05), while in food crop systems could be reduced by 35.0%(P<0.05). In addition, when the nitrogen application rates of the two systems were reduced by 50% and 30%, the emission reduction contribution was expanded to 30.2% and 45.8%, respectively, while ensuring crop yields.【Conclusion】There were obvious differences in the characteristics of soil N2O emissions from facility vegetable and food crop systems. The N2O emission intensity of food crop production was significantly higher than that of facility vegetable production, and the further attention should be paid. At the same time, drip irrigation and fertilization technology could reduce N2O emissions in two typical crop systems in North China farmland, but it had a greater contribution to N2O emission reduction in the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system, and it had the potential for further application in the North China Plain.
作者
雷豪杰
李贵春
柯华东
魏崃
丁武汉
徐驰
李虎
LEI HaoJie;LI GuiChun;KE HuaDong;WEI Lai;DING WuHan;XU Chi;LI Hu(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Center for Agricultural Green Development in China,Beijing 100081;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期768-779,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(41671303)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800402)。
关键词
滴灌施肥
设施蔬菜
粮食作物
氧化亚氮(N2O)
减排贡献
drip irrigation and fertilization
facility vegetables
food crops
N2O
emission reduction contribution
作者简介
联系方式:雷豪杰,E-mail:haojielink@126.com;通信作者:李虎,E-mail:lihu0728@sina.com。
