我国生活垃圾分类地方立法的可操作性研究——基于28部地方性法规的文本分析被引量：7

Study on the Operability of Local Legislation of Domestic Waste Classification in China:Text Analysis Based on 28 Local Regulations

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摘要 2017年《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》颁行以来,国内部分省、设区的市纷纷制定或者修订地方性法规予以落实。运用立法学和法理学原理,从立法调整的权责关系、与上位法和同位法的同质化程度、倡导性和宣示性条款的比重、条文内容的明确性和针对性等四个面向,探寻已出台的28部生活垃圾分类地方性法规的可操作性。研究指出:我国生活垃圾分类地方立法普遍重政府监管,轻公民参与和市场激励;地方立法“互鉴”及循守上位法有余,创造性回应地方需求明显不足;倡导性、宣示性等“软法”条款偏多;部分条款粗疏,内容缺乏针对性。为提升生活垃圾分类地方立法的可操作性,未来立法应当准确定位地方立法与上位法、同位法的关系,确保地方立法效能;正确把握保守性立法与创制性立法的关系,凸显地方立法特色;科学规范“硬法”规制与“软法”引导的关系,增强地方立法适用性。 Since the implementation“plan of domestic waste classification system”was issued in 2017,some provinces and cities divided into districts have successively formulated or revised local laws and regulations for implementation.Based on the principles of legislative law and jurisprudence,this paper systematically explores the operability of 28 local regulations on domestic waste classification,which have been issued,from four aspects:the power responsibility relationship of legislative adjustment,the degree of homogenization with the upper law and the same law,the proportion of advocacy and publicity articles,the clarity and pertinence of articles.Local legislation of domestic waste classification generally focuses on government supervision rather than citizen participation and market incentives;local legislation has more“mutual learning”and compliance with superior laws,and less creative response to local needs;more advocacy and publicity clauses;some clauses are rough and the content is lack of pertinence.In order to improve the operability of the local legislation of domestic waste classification,future legislation should accurately locate the relationship between the local legislation,the upper law and the same law to ensure the effectiveness of local legislation;correctly grasp the relationship between the conservative legislation and the creative legislation,highlight the characteristics of local legislation;scientifically regulate the“hard law”regulation and“soft law”regulation,to enhance the applicability of local legislation.

作者蒋云飞 JIANG Yunfei(Department of Teaching and Research of Law,Chongqing Administration College,Chongqing 400041,China;East China University of Political Science and Law,Post-DoctoralMobile Station,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区重庆行政学院法学教研部华东政法大学博士后流动站

出处《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》 2020年第6期57-65,共9页 Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基金重庆市社科规划项目“家庭源危险废弃物环境责任界定与治理机制研究”(2019BS113)。

关键词生活垃圾分类地方性法规可操作性 domestic waste classification local regulations operability

分类号 F205 [经济管理—国民经济]

作者简介第一作者:蒋云飞,讲师,博士。E-mail:495487344@qq.com。