摘要
“零句”是赵元任先生引入汉语的术语,是以汉语为本体自觉思考的一个尝试,并开创了摆脱印欧语眼光的研究道路。但是,“零句”论述存在多处疑点,如下列观点:(1)单句是由两个零句分别作为主语谓语的整句;(2)单句的主语—谓语是一问一答;(3)过分扩大的主语范围;(4)单句是最小的复杂句,复句的从句也是主语。为解决“零句”带来的问题,可以扩大对短语的理解,以替代“零句”,并建立典型性原则。单句的典型性是:“主语/话题是指称,谓语/说明是陈述”。这也是汉语单句和复句区分的合理依据。
As an attempt to theoretically reflection on Chinese language itself,a“minor sentence”is a term introduced to Chinese by Mr.ZHAO Yuan-ren.This has opened up a research path independent of the Indo-European perspective.However,many details in the theory of a“minor sentence”are doubtful:(1)a single sentence is a full sentence with two minor sentences as the subject and the predicate;(2)the subject and the predicate of a single sentence are comprised of one question and one answer;(3)the subject scope is excessively enlarged;(4)a single sentence is the smallest complex sentence,and a clause of a complex sentence is also a subject.In order to solve these problems centering on a“minor sentence”,we can replace a“minor sentence”with a phrase with a broader meaning and establish the principle of typicality.The typicality of a single sentence is that“the subject/topic is a reference,while the predicate/description is a statement”.This is also a reasonable basis for the distinction between a single sentence and a complex sentence in Chinese.
出处
《华东师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期62-75,180,共15页
Journal of East China Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences）
关键词
零句
指称/陈述
主语/话题
单句/复句
典型性原则
minor sentence
reference
statement
subject/topic
single sentence
complex sentence
principle of typicality
作者简介
史有为,日本明海大学名誉教授。
