摘要
随着互联网技术的发展,万众创新模式的应用成为趋势,企业借助更为庞大的外界创新资源为自身服务,从而更快地占领市场先机。开源设计作为典型的万众创新模式,其社区参与人员是创新的核心主体,他们在社区创新绩效的高低是影响社区成功的重要因素之一。已有研究表明,在线评价对开源设计社区成员的创新绩效有一定的积极作用,但在社区不同类型成员中的作用如何,仍然需要进一步的探索和检验。根据认知评价理论以及开源社区成员参与动机和行为模式的相关成果,探讨在线评价对开源设计社区不同类型成员的创新绩效的影响。将社区成员类型划分为核心成员、活跃成员和次要成员,以成员类型作为调节变量,研究不同成员类型的评价数量、正面评价和负面评价对社区成员创新绩效的影响。通过对典型的开源设计社区Local Motors进行数据抓取,共收集4 462名社区成员的相关数据,采用Spss 21. 0的逐步回归分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,成员类型对在线评价与开源社区成员创新绩效之间关系有显著的调节效应。在线评价对核心成员的创新绩效影响很小,对活跃成员和次要成员的创新绩效影响明显。①对于核心成员,评价数量与持续时间成正比,对创意数量无显著影响,正面评价和负面评价对创意数量和持续时间均无显著影响;②对于活跃成员,创意数量和持续时间均受评价数量的正向影响,正面评价对创意数量产生积极影响;③对于次要成员,受在线评价的影响最大,负面评价对持续时间产生消极作用。以Local Motors为例,证实在线评价对该社区不同类型成员的创新绩效有重要的影响,拓展了开源设计社区参与人员动机对行为的研究思路。研究结论有助于对开源设计社区激励机制进行优化,提高开源设计这一创新模式的成功率和效率。
With the development of internet technologies,the application of crowd innovation has become a trend.The amount of innovation resources utilized by the enterprises is greater than ever before that significantly nurtures creativity.This will in turn allow the enterprises to seize the market opportunities faster.Open source design is a typical model of crowd innovation.Participants in the open source design community are core agent,whose innovation performance is one of the most important factors for influencing the success of the community.Previous studies have shown that online evaluation plays a positive role in the innovation performance of members in open source design community,but the impact of online evaluation on different types members should be further explored and tested.Based on cognitive evaluation theory and relative researches on participation motivation and behavior pattern of members in open source design community,this study emphasizes the impact of online evaluation on innovation performance of different types of participants in open source design community.The members can be classified into 3 types:core members,active ones and subsidiary ones.In this study,a regression model with the member type as a moderation variable was built and the impact of participant role,evaluation quantity,positive and negative evaluation on the innovative performance of community members was discussed.4,462 data of Local Motors,a typical open source product design community were selected,and the empirical test was conducted by stepwise regression analysis method through Spss 21.0.The empirical results show that member type has significant moderation effect,the core members of the open source design community are very little affected by online evaluation,but the performance of active members and peripheral members are significantly impacted.Specifically reflected in①For core member:only evaluation quantity is directly proportional to its duration,and there is no significant impact on the number of ideas.Positive and negative evaluation have no significant influence on the number of creativity and duration;②the number of creativity and duration of active members are affected by evaluation quantity positively;simultaneously,positive evaluation also impact their creativity quantity positively;③peripheral members in open source design community are most affected by online evaluation,and especially the negative evaluation impacts on their duration.The research takes Local Motors as an example,and confirms that online evaluation has an important influence on the innovation performance of members with different types in open source design community;enriches the participants′motivation and behaviors in open source community.The conclusion of this study can help to optimize the incentive mechanism of the open source design community,so as to improve the success rate and efficiency of the innovative model of open source design.
作者
李英姿
张硕
张晓冬
LI Yingzi;ZHANG Shuo;ZHANG Xiaodong(School of Economics and Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Economics and Management,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《管理科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期52-62,共11页
Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(71601078,71871018)
北京市社会科学基金(18GLC061)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(16YJC630060)
中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-BR-18-001B)。
关键词
在线评价
创新绩效
开源设计社区
调节效应
社区成员
online evaluation
innovation performance
open source design community
moderation effect
participants
作者简介
李英姿,管理学博士,北京科技大学经济管理学院副教授,研究方向为产品开发过程建模与仿真等,代表性学术成果为“基于主体主观偏好的协同产品开发项目动态任务选择及仿真”,发表在2017年第1期《管理工程学报》,E-mail:liyz@ustb.edu.cn;张硕,管理学博士,华北电力大学经济与管理学院副教授,研究方向为复杂适应系统仿真等,代表性学术成果为“A novel two-stage location model of charging station considering dynamic distribution of electric taxis”,发表在2019年第51卷《Sustainable Cities and Society》,E-mail:zhangshuo@ncepu.edu.cn;张晓冬,工学博士,北京科技大学经济管理学院教授,研究方向为管理系统建模与优化等,代表性学术成果为“Modelling and simulation of the task scheduling behavior in collaborative product development process”,发表在2013年第1期《Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering》,E-mail:xdzhang@manage.ustb.edu.cn。
