清代至民国时期康区的盐市、盐政与族群关系被引量：2

The Salt Market,Salt Administration and Ethnic Relationships in Khams Area during the Period of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

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摘要康区食盐主要来源于青藏高原的井盐和湖盐(池盐),川盐、滇盐等内地盐一般流通于康区的汉藏杂居之地。不同地方的盐业资源在康区形成了各自的行销区域。食盐贸易是维持康区内部及其周边族群关系的重要机制和纽带。康区食盐交换对象以粮食为主,茶叶及其他日用杂货为辅,食盐的运销商主要是藏商。康区盐产多被土司或寺庙控制,自由贸易是盐业的常态。自清代开始,部分嘉绒藏区以及中甸、维西等地先后导入内地的引岸制。清末盐井被收归官办后,实行以盐税征收为核心的商人包销制。随着官府对康区盐务管控的加强,毗邻省区之间的盐利之争成了康区盐务的重要症结。特殊的自然、人文和历史形成的传统交换关系,以及多元化的盐务管控,共同造就了康区盐市与盐政鲜明的地域特征。 The salt in Khams mainly came from the well and lake salt of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The salt produced in Sichuan and Yunnan was generally marketed to the areas inhabited by the Tibetans and the Hans in Khams.Different kinds of salt produced in different places had different markets in Khams.Salt trade was an important mechanism and link to maintain the relationships between ethnic groups in and around Khams.Grain was the main object of the salt exchange in Khams,while tea and other daily groceries were supplementary.The salt distributors were mainly Tibetans.The salt-producing area in Khams was mostly controlled by chieftains or temples,and free trade of salt was the normal state.Since the Qing dynasty,some rgyal-mo-rong areas,as well as rgyal-thang and Weixi,had successively introduced the salt monopoly system.After tsha-kha was nationalized in the late Qing dynasty,the“official superintendence and merchant selling”with salt-tax collection as the core was implemented.With the strengthening of the government's control over the salt in Khams area,the dispute between the adjacent provinces and regions had become the fundamental crux of salt administration in Khams.The special natural environment,the exchange relationships with special historical and cultural features,and various measures for salt control combined to create the unique regional characteristics of the salt market and salt administration in Khams area.

作者王海兵 WANG Haibing(School of Marxism, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区浙江理工大学马克思主义学院

出处《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第5期145-153,共9页 Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基金国家社会科学基金项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”研究专项项目“近代东部藏区商业贸易中藏族与各民族的交流交往研究”(20VMZ005) 浙江理工大学引进人员科研启动基金项目“近代青藏高原东缘地区社会治理转型研究”(19132483-Y)阶段成果。

关键词食盐贸易盐务管控康区族群互动清代民国时期 salt trade salt administrative and control Khams area interaction of ethnic groups period of the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China

分类号 K207 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介王海兵,浙江理工大学马克思主义学院副教授,博士。