摘要
敦煌莫高窟第61窟甬道南北壁两铺大型炽盛光佛巡行图壁画,作为后期重绘的壁画,对其时代的判定有元、西夏两种观点,其中持元代说者以"元代西夏遗民营建"说为代表,但经仔细观察画面细节,作些辨析,持主流意见的西夏说更能成立,而由西宁王速来蛮主导营建的说法,完全不能成立。作为炽盛光佛变相的特例,画面反映出来的炽盛光佛巡行和本地僧团送、迎的场面,是重绘壁画时受西夏仪式佛教影响的结果,是西夏佛教重实践、重仪轨的图像记忆。而炽盛光佛星曜信仰浓厚的国家倾向,结合西夏佛教的官方特色,以及西夏时期沙州所处的社会背景,可以看到西夏人在第61窟的重绘活动,实际有地方官府和佛教界对国家和地方消灾祈福的强烈表达。
The image of TejaprabhāBuddha’s travel on the north and south walls of the passageway of Mogao Cave 61 was an elaborate work of the Western Xia period.The inscriptions of the murals in Chinese and Tangut languages were the most distinguished feature of the Western Xia culture.In addition,the clothing and accessories worn by thefigures in the murals were common in the works of Western Xia period.As for the identity of thefigure under canopy,it is actually a popular image of the State Master in the Western Xia period.In general,it is certain that the passageway murals in Mogao Cave 61 were painted in the Western Xia period,the theory of them being painted during the Yuan dynasty is more on the basis of speculation rather than facts.The large images of TejaprabhāBuddha’s travel on the passageway walls of Cave 61 were undoubtedly a special case of the Buddhist art of Western Xia period,as well as the only case of this subject in the Western Xia murals in Dunhuang Grottoes.More importantly,the way how the cave was repainted was also an exception in Mogao,Yulin and Wugemiao Grottoes.The most outstanding characteristic of the murals is their manifestation as a queue on the move,which is highly ritualistic and embodies the ritual Buddhism of the Western Xia period.Rituality and practicalness were basic features of the Western Xia Buddhism.While emphasizing on dispelling disasters,the main purpose was the wellbeing of the State,the king and his ministers,consistent with relevant sutras of the TejaprabhāBuddha.The reconstruction of the cave was most likely an official religious activity of the local government of Shazhou in the Western Xia period,with specific official appeals.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2020年第3期92-111,共20页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“敦煌西夏石窟研究”(项目批准号:16ZDA116)
高等学校学科创新引智基地计划资助(Supported by the Project 111)“长安与丝路文化传播学科创新引智基地”(项目批准号:B1803)。
关键词
炽盛光佛巡行图
西夏佛教
炽盛光佛星曜信仰
仪式佛教
官方佛教
Image of Tejaprabhā Buddha’s travel
Buddhism of Western Xia
belief of Tejaprabhā Buddha and the Deities of stars
ritual Buddhism
official Buddhist activities
