“创造出彼此崇拜之活人”何以可能--以陶行知的生活教育为例被引量：10

Cultivating Living People Who Worship Each Other——Take Tao Xingzhi’s Concept of Life Education as an Example

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摘要 "创造出彼此崇拜之活人"是陶行知生活教育的重要内涵,更是陶行知的教育梦。所谓"创造出彼此崇拜之活人"是指通过教师与学生创造性地合作与互动,使教师成为学生崇拜的教师,使学生成为教师崇拜的学生,使师生双方都成为具有生活力、行动力、创造力、情感力并能承担共和国国民职责的人。陶行知之所以提出"创造出彼此崇拜之活人",是基于当时中国教育的现实问题,即教育与生活脱离、学校与社会隔阂、教师与学生隔膜。教师无视学生的活力,用死的知识、死的方法培养死的学生,其结果不仅使学生与教师由"活"变"死",而且使教育变为"死教育",成为中国教育进而成为中国社会发展最为严重的问题。"创造出彼此崇拜之活人"需要以生活教育加以实现,即以解放教育中的人、解放教育活动为条件,以"教学做合一"为方式,以持续"创造出彼此崇拜之活人"为结果。 "Cultivating living people who worship each other"is a key concept in Tao Xingzhi’s life education.It is also Tao Xingzhi’s ideal for education.It refers to the creative cooperation and interaction between teachers and students,through which teachers become teachers worshipped by students,and students become students worshipped by teachers,and both teachers and students become people with vitality,mobility,creativity and emotional power,who can take the responsibilities of a citizen to the Republic.This idea was targeted at the real problems of Chinese education at that time,namely,the separation of education from life,the separation between schools and society,and the separation between teachers and students,when teachers ignored the vitality of students and trained dead students with dead knowledge and dead methods.Thus,the most serious problem facing Chinese education and even China’s social development was that students and teachers were more"dead"than"living,"and education were"dead education."Tao’s ideal needs to be realized by life education,i.e.liberating people and education activities and integrating teaching,learning and doing so as to"cultivate living people who worship each other."

作者李忠张慧凝 LI Zhong;ZHANG Huining(Schooal of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Education,Shamni Normal University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 70000,China)

机构地区天津大学教育学院陕西师范大学教育学院

出处《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》北大核心 2020年第4期21-27,共7页 Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基金中国学位与研究生教育学会年度课题“不确定知识背景下的研究生教学改革研究”(批准号:2017Y0902)。

关键词陶行知生活教育活人与死人活知识与死知识活教育与死教育 Tao Xingzhi life education the living and the dead living knowledge and dead knowledge living education and dead education

分类号 G519 [文化科学—教育技术学]

作者简介李忠(1972-),男,陕西吴起人,教授,博士生导师,天津大学教育学院兼职教授,博士生导师,主要从事教育史与教育社会学研究;张慧凝(1994一",女,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,从事教育基本理论研究。