摘要
针对传统油菜条播排种器用种量大、株距变异系数大、个体生长良莠不齐等生产实际问题,结合油菜种植农艺要求,设计了一种带缺口矩形勺式型孔精量取种的油菜勺式精量穴播排种器,分析了排种器的工作过程,确定了勺轮组合,以及取种勺式型孔尺寸、安装数量、安装倾斜角、勺轮转速等主要参数。采用响应面优化试验分析了取种勺安装前倾角、取种勺式型孔长度和勺轮转速对穴粒数合格率、漏播率及重播率的影响,试验表明,在取种勺安装前倾角为47.5°、取种勺式型孔长度为5.4 mm、勺轮转速为24.3 r/min时,穴粒数合格率((3±1)粒/穴)为91.40%、漏播率(0或1粒/穴)为4.84%、重播率(大于4粒/穴)为3.76%,排种性能较优。由田间播种试验统计得到,油菜种植密度为63株/m2,满足油菜农艺种植要求。该研究可为油菜精量穴播排种装置设计提供参考。
In order to improve the practical problems of traditional rapeseed stripping technology,such as needing large rapeseed quantity to broadcast,having big variable coefficient of row spacing and existing difference of growth rate between individual rapeseed seedlings,combining the requirement of direct agronomic requirements of rapeseed,a rapeseed spoon-type precision seeding and seeding device was designed,which used the spoon to carry out precision sampling.Based on the mechanical properties of rapeseed and the agronomic requirements of hole-seeding agronomy,a rectangular-shaped spoon-shaped hole with a notch was proposed.The working process of the seeding device was described and the main parameters of scoop assembler,spoon hole,spoon number,spoon pre-tilt angle and scoop wheel rotatory speed were determined.The influencing factors of the performance of seed meter were analyzed.The bench test was carried out by using the BBD response surface optimization test design method.The effects of the pre-tilt angle,the length of spoon-shaped hole and the rotation speed of scoop wheel on pass rate of number of cells,the missed rate and the re-broadcast rate were analyzed.The test results showed that the spoon pre-tilt angle was 47.5°,the length of the spoon-shaped hole was 5.4 mm and the rotation speed of the scoop wheel was 24.3 r/min.The pass rate of the seedling number((3±1)capsule/hole)was 91.40%.The rate of missed broadcast(0 or 1 capsule/hole)was 4.84%and the re-broadcasting rate(greater than 4 capsules/hole)was 3.76%.The field test results showed that the average pass rate of the seedling number was 88.64%,the average rate of missed broadcast was 3.52%,the density of rapeseed was 63 plants per square meter,which met the direct agronomic requirements of rapeseed.The research had novelty in the design of spoon-type seeding device,which can provide reference for the design and experiment of the rapeseed spoon-type precision seeding device.
作者
张青松
余琦
王磊
廖宜涛
王迪
廖庆喜
ZHANG Qingsong;YU Qi;WANG Lei;LIAO Yitao;WANG Di;LIAO Qingxi(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期47-54,64,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51875229,51975238)
国家油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS12)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB153)。
关键词
油菜
穴播排种器
勺式型孔
结构设计
田间试验
rapeseed
hole seed metering device
scoop-type hole
structure design
field test
作者简介
张青松(1987—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事现代农业装备设计与测控研究,E-mail:qszhang@mail.hzau.edu.cn;通讯作者:廖庆喜(1968—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事油菜机械化生产技术与装备研究,E-mail:liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn。
