摘要
目前能适应设施大棚种植条件的小型播种机多采用窝眼轮式排种器,播种精度低,播种质量无法实时监测。小型气力式播种机需要配置气力式排种器和风机,存在动力系统设计困难、排种稳定性差、整机结构复杂、笨重等设计难题。本文基于设计的气吸式排种器,设计了叉形分种器,实现窄行距精密播种作业;确定油电混合动力系统,排种器和风机采用电驱方式,排种稳定性得到了提高。设计了基于旋转编码器测速的电驱式胡萝卜播种机控制系统,该系统以PLC为主控制器,根据旋转编码器采集的前进速度信息实时调节排种器转速,实现排种转速与播种机前进速度实时匹配。基于对射式矩阵光纤传感器,开发了播种质量监测系统,解决了小粒径种子的监测问题。通过试验表明,续航时间为10 h,计数相对误差小于等于4.6%,型孔堵塞时能发出警报提醒;播种株距合格率大于93.7%、漏播率小于等于3.9%、重播率小于2.4%,漏播率检测误差小于8.4%,试验结果符合国家相关标准要求及胡萝卜种植农艺要求。
At present,the small planters that can adapt to the planting conditions of the facility greenhouses mostly use the cell wheel seed-metering device,so the seeding accuracy is low,and the seeding quality cannot be immediately known.Small pneumatic planters need to be equipped with pneumatic seed-metering device and fan,while there are design problems such as power system design,poor seed metering stability,complex structure and bulkiness of the whole machine.On the basis of the air suction seed-metering device designed previously,a fork-shaped seed divider was developed to realize narrow row spacing.The seeder would not stray meanwhile working on the ridge because the wheel having a guided effect was designed.Due to the oil-electric hybrid power system,the machine had independent power system,that meant the gas online engine provided seeder driving force as well as the electric offered the seed-metering device and draught fan power.In this way,seeding performance was improved.In terms of automation,the carrot precision seeder system of electric driving was designed based on the speed measurement method of rotary encoder.PLC was the main controller of this system.According to the advance speed message collected by rotary encoder,the speed of seeding was adjusted in real time,as well as realized the real-time matching between the speed of seeding and the advance speed of the seeder.In order to solve the monitoring problem of small grain size seeds,a monitoring system for seeding quality was developed,which can display leaky seeding number and sowing area in real time during operation.Through adopting bijective matrix fiber optic sensor monitoring the flow of seed,counting test proved the counting relative error was not more than 4.6%.On the other hand through the leaky alarm system,it was tested by plugging seed cells artificially.The test results showed that the system can effectively monitor the leakage and meet the requirements of production and use.The rotary encoder was used to measure the speed of the seeder,and the servo motor drived the seeder.The seeding control system adjusted the speed of the seeder,so that the speed of the seeder matched the advance speed of the seeder in real time,so as to realize the uniform sowing distance of the whole plot.The field experiment showed that the endurance of the battery reached 10 hours,the qualified rate of the plant spacing was more than 93.7%,the reseeding rate was less than 2.4%,and the leaky seeding rate was not more than 3.9%.The experimental result met the national relevant criterion whose sowing depth was uniform and averagely 17 mm.Compared with several cognate type of carrot seeders,the reseeding rate and the leaky seeding rate were reduced,the sowing quality could be monitored in real time,the monitoring error was less than 8.4%,and the working efficiency and sowing quality were improved.
作者
王方艳
杨亮
王红提
WANG Fangyan;YANG Liang;WANG Hongti(School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期64-73,131,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GNC106056)
国家自然科学基金项目(51775290)
关键词
设施农业
胡萝卜
电驱式
气吸式
精密播种机
实时监测系统
facility agriculture
carrot
electric driving
air-suction
precision planter
real-time monitoring system
作者简介
王方艳(1979—),女,副教授,博士,主要从事农业装备技术研究,E-mail:wfy_66@163.com;通信作者:王红提(1983—),女,讲师,博士,主要从事农业机械与农产品加工装备研究,E-mail:lntizi59@163.com
