摘要
全国碳交易市场目前正在加速建设中,碳交易是一项重大的制度创新,其被认为是应对当前以变暖为主要特征的气候变化最具成本效益的减排工具之一。发电行业是CO2的重点排放单元,准确定量估算其碳排放具有非常重要的社会和经济意义。传统的基于排放因子计算方法得到的结果往往具有较大的不确定性,因此,本研究率先在燃气电厂安装CO2排放连续监测系统,分别采用排放因子法和实测法计算机组的碳排放量,并进一步对比分析了两种计算方式下燃气电厂碳排放量的差异性及试算配额的盈缺情况。研究结果表明,采用排放因子法计算的碳排放量大于试算配额(根据《2019年发电行业重点排放单位(含自备电厂、热电联产)二氧化碳排放配额分配实施方案(试算版)计算的配额》),即使在机组运行联合循环效率较高时,企业仍需花费成本去履约。相反,采用实测法计算的机组碳排放量不仅显著低于排放因子法得到的结果,而且试算配额仍有盈余。相对于排放因子法,实测法获得的排放数据准确性更高,也更利于主管部门的实时监督管理。本研究的结果为主管部门完善碳排放数据核算与核查工作体系、确定最终的电力行业配额分配方案提供科学依据。
China’s national carbon trading market is being speedily constructed.Carbon trading is a major institutional innovation.It is considered one of the most cost-effective emission reduction tools responding to current climate change characterized mainly by temperature rising.Power generation industry is a critical unit contributing to the national CO2 emissions.Consequently,accurate and quantitative estimation of the carbon emissions by this unit is of great social and economic importance.However,the estimations based on traditional emission factor approach are normally associated with large uncertainties.In this study,we take the lead(to the best of our knowledge)in installing a CO2 emission monitoring system in a gas-fired power plant to continuously and directly observe the CO2 emissions from this plant.The observed annual CO2 emissions was firstly compared with the estimation based on emission factor approach,the results derived from both of these methods were further compared with the calculated allowances(i.e.,according to an executive plan regarding China’s power generation industry in 2019).The results show that carbon emission calculated by emission factor method is greater than the calculated allowances.In order to fill this gap,extra cost needs to be paid by the plant,even if the efficiency of the electric generating set is reasonably high.By contrast,the estimation derived from the monitoring system is not only lower than that based on the emission factor approach,but also smaller than the calculated allowances.In general,the emission observed by the monitoring system is more accurate and this direct observation can facilitate watching and regulating the carbon emission in an effective and efficient manner.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for accounting the carbon emission and assessing the calculated allowances in the power generating industry.
作者
唐小亮
何川
刘晴
TANG Xiaoliang;HE Chuan;LIU Qing
出处
《电力科技与环保》
2020年第3期17-20,共4页
Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection
关键词
碳排放量
排放因子法
实测法
试算配额
carbon emission
emission factor method
measurement method
calculated allowances
作者简介
唐小亮(1986-),女,江苏高邮人,硕士研究生,主要从事电厂化学环保管理工作。E-mail:414112381@qq.com。
