摘要
仲阪父盆自名为"益",属金文首见,颇为费解。学界或将其读为彝,或认为从■得声而读为盆,恐均难成立。益声之字或被音韵学家归入质部,从出土文献所见资料亦可推知"益"与质部关系密切,金文"益"字形体也应分析为从八、从血双声,据此知铜盆自名"益"应径读为"盆"。盆铭"■伯"之"■"为玉戈专字,当释作圭,"圭伯"就是圭地封君。《左传》载郑穆公后妃有"圭妫",同为圭国之人,仲阪父盆证明了西周晚期作为帝舜之后的妫姓圭国就已存在,这对先秦古国历史、姓氏源流等研究具有一定的史料价值。
The name of Zhongbanfu's basin is yi(益),it is the first time we can find in the bronze inscriptions,this is hard to understand.Some scholars change it's pronunciation as yi(彝),some think it's phonetic component is zhuan(■)and then change it's pronunciation as pen(盆).These opinions are possibly wrong.The characters which phonetic component is yi(益),are incorporated into the rhyme group of zhi(质),in before.Unfounded Chinese character materials show us the close relationships between yi(益)and rhyme group of zhi(质).The character of yi(益)in bronze inscriptions should have two phonetic component,they are ba(八)and xue(血),so the name of Zhongbanfu's basin ought to changing it's pronunciation as pen(盆)straightly.The character"戏"in"戏伯"of Zhongbanfu5s basin means jade dagger-axe,should explicate to gui(圭),"gui bo"(圭伯)is the sovereign of gui(圭).According to the record of Zuo Zhuan(左传),"Gui Wei"(圭妫)is Zheng Mugong's wife,she is also come from the country of gui(圭).The words in Zhongbanfu's basin proves that,as the descendant o￡Emperor Shun(舜),the country of gui already exist in the late Western Zhou Dynasty,this is valuable to the study of country history and origin and development of surnames in the Pre-Qin Period.
作者
马超
邹芙都
Ma Chao;Zou Fudu(College of History and Culture,Southwest University)
出处
《中国文字研究》
2019年第2期19-25,共7页
The Study of Chinese Characters
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“商周金文字词集注与释译”(13&ZD130)
教育部人文社科青年基金项目“金文所见古国、古族姓氏资料整理与研究”(18YJC770022)
重庆市博士后特别资助项目“西周金文婚姻史料分国族整理与研究”(XmT2018091)阶段性成果。
关键词
仲阪父盆
铜器自名
圭国
Zhongbanfu's basin
the name of bronze vessels
the country of gui(圭)
作者简介
马超,西南大学历史文化学院博士后,研究方向为商周金文与先秦史;邹芙都,西南大学历史文化学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为商周金文与先秦史。(重庆400715)。
