摘要
在青海省春油菜主产区开展田间小区试验,采用随机区组设计,每公顷分别施用纯氮0、75、150、225 kg,研究氮肥水平对甘蓝型春油菜新品种青杂12号的产量、养分吸收量、不同部位分配比例和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,在施用磷肥、钾肥和硼肥的基础上,增施氮肥75~225 kg·hm^-2可显著增加春油菜地上各部位产量,其中籽粒平均增产量为1274 kg·hm^-2,平均增产率为77%,地上部分生物量平均增加3116 kg·hm^-2,平均增产率为79%。增施氮肥可显著提高地上部氮素累积量(P<0.05),平均增加69%;在施氮水平为150~225 kg·hm^-2时,施氮可以显著促进春油菜磷、钾素的累积,累积量平均增加69%和239%。青杂12号成熟期氮素、磷素和钾素吸收分配均表现为:籽粒>茎秆>角壳,分配比例平均为74.7%、19.5%和5.8%。随着施氮量的增加青杂12号的氮肥偏生产力显著降低,从28.2 kg·kg^-1下降到15.3 kg·kg^-1,增施氮肥后氮肥农学效率、表观利用率、生理利用率、地力贡献率平均值分别为8.2 kg·kg^-1 N、32.8%、25.6 kg·kg^-1 N和59.1%。根据产投比结果分析,本试验条件下青海省春油菜推荐氮肥用量为150 kg·hm^-2。
A field plot experiment was carried out in the main production area of spring rapeseed in Qinghai Province.By using a randomized block experiment design and applying 0,75,150,and 225 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare,respectively,the effect of the yield,nutrient uptake,distribution in different parts and nitrogen use efficiency of Qingza No.12,a new spring rapeseed variety,was observed.The results showed that on the basis of applying phosphorus,potassium and boron fertilizers,the application of nitrogen fertilizer 75~225 kg·hm^-2 significantly increased the yield of all parts of spring rapeseed,the average grain yield increased 1274 kg·hm^-2 and the average yield increased by 77%.The aboveground biomass increased by an average of 3116 kg·hm^-2,and the average yield increased by 79%.Nitrogen application significantly increased the aboveground nitrogen accumulation(P<0.05),with an average increase of 69%.When the nitrogen application rate was between 150~225 kg·hm^-2,nitrogen application significantly promoted the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in spring rapeseed,an average increase of 69%and 239%,respectively.At the maturity stage of Qingza No.12,the absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were as follows:seed>straw>pod,and the distribution ratio was 74.7%,19.5%,and 5.8%,respectively.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen partial productivity of Qingza No.12 decreased significantly from 28.2 kg·kg^-1 to 15.3 kg·kg^-1.The agronomic efficiency,apparent utilization rate,physiological utilization rate,and soil contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased after nitrogen application with average values of 8.2 kg·kg^-1 N,32.8%,25.6 kg·kg^-1 N,and 59.1%,respectively.According to the analysis of the ratio of production and investment,the spring rapeseed in Qinghai Province recommended the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be at 150 kg·hm^-2.
作者
尚花
李月梅
SHANG Hua;LI Yuemei(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Xining Agricultural Environmental Science Observation Experiment Stations,Ministry of Agriculture,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期227-231,257,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家重点研发计划“油菜化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD020090)。
关键词
春油菜
氮肥
产量
养分累积
氮肥利用效率
spring rapeseed
nitrogen fertilizer
yield
nutrient accumulation
nitrogen utilization efficiency
作者简介
尚花(1994-),女,陕西延安人,硕士,研究方向为植物营养。E-mail:1543447524@qq.com;通信作者:李月梅(1974-),女,青海海东人,副研究员,主要从事农业与资源环境研究。E-mail:Yuemeili2002@hotmail.com。
