摘要
一般认为明代的户役制是配户当差,户籍名色与户役类别一一对应,实际上明代官府征调户役并不完全是配户当差,地方上籍别与役别关系复杂且动态演变。明初,泉州配户当差,但民户供应民差、灶户承办灶役、军户服军役的规定仅停留在官府征役和编户应役的原则上,民间实则多籍多役。多籍多役及明中期泉州盐场制度改革在客观上变更了役户应承户役类别,使得民户、军户都可能成为盐课缴纳的主体。此户籍户役制度变迁的直接契机是民差、军饷、盐课的不足,而根本性原因则是配户当差制本身及其与运作之间的结构性矛盾。
It is generally believed that under the Household Corvee System in the Ming Dynasty, corvee assigning was based on family type. This paper focus on family type and corvee assigning in Quanzhou from the perspective of institutional operation, showing that rules of Household Corvee System were not strictly followed. And the relationship between family type and corvee assigning was complex and changeable. In the early Ming Dynasty, at the request of the central authority, Quanzhou implemented the Household Corvee System. In practice, however, the rules of ordinary corvee by ordinary men and the salt-producing corvee by salt men were not strictly followed. For instance, one person had multiple household registration,thus undertook multiple corvee. In the early Ming Dynasty, lots of people suffered the burden of corvee for which he was not responsible. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the reform of the Salt Taxation System by Fujian government to solve the military and salt administration problems objectively changed the principle of corvee assigning. During the reign of Zhengtong Emperor, the government intended to change the household corvee assigning, and the ordinary people served the salt-producing corvee in that time. Worse still, during the reign of Jiajing and Wanli emperor, ordinary family and military family may pay Qiupan tax. The deeper reason of that is the structural contradiction of rules and operation of Household Corvee System.
出处
《学术研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第9期114-124,178,共12页
Academic Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金西部和边疆地区项目(19XJA770006)
四川省人文社会科学重点研究基地——四川理工学院中国盐文化研究中心资助项目(YWHZ19-02)
兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金科研创新团队项目(2019jbkytd003)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
叶锦花,兰州大学经济学院教授。
