摘要
中国开放型经济发展已进入到了新阶段,因此中国参与全球价值链亟待由以往主要依托"引进来"的被动融入方式,向依托"走出去"的主动构建方式转型。文章在借鉴Koopman等(2012)提出的贸易增加值测算方法基础上,构建了双边价值链关联指数与价值链相对位置指数,并将其细化至国与国之间,即分别衡量两国之间的价值链关联程度与价值链上下游关系,进而利用空间计量模型分析中国开展OFDI的价值链构建效应及其空间溢出效应。研究发现:第一,中国对东道国进行对外直接投资后,会显著提升中国与该国的价值链关联程度,也会显著提升中国相对于该东道国的价值链分工地位。第二,中国开展OFDI对价值链关联程度和价值链分工地位的影响,在"一带一路"区域内的效应要更加显著。第三,OFDI产生的价值链构建效应和价值链分工位置改善效应,不仅局限于中国与东道国之间,而且还会产生空间外溢效应,从而提升中国与第三国之间的价值链关联程度。第四,无论是价值链关联效应,还是价值链分工位置改善效应,在"一带一路"区域和非"一带一路"区域间,还会产生显著的区域交叉效应。上述研究结论意味着,中国在"做好向西开放文章,放大向东开放优势"的过程中,应注重OFDI的价值链构建效应及其空间外溢,在实现"东西并济"中加快促进我国产业"迈向全球价值链中高端"。
After the 2008 international financial crisis,the global economy entered a period of deep adjustment,and global value chains(GVCs)faced restructuring issues. At the same time,the development of China’s open economy has also entered a new stage. There are two prominent changes and characteristics:One is that under the condition that the price of production factors continues to rise and the traditional low-cost advantage is gradually lost,the pattern of China’s integration into the GVC division of labor must also be transformed from passive participation to active construction;the other is a shift from the past "importing" to "importing" and "going out". This raises a very interesting and practical question:Does China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)help to build a GVC?Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper uses the trade value-added measurement method proposed by Koopman,et al.(2012)to construct a bilateral value chain correlation index and a value chain relative position index,and refines them between countries,that is,to measure the value chain relationship between the two countries and the upstream and downstream relationship of the value chain separately. Using Chinese empirical data,this paper incorporates the spatial lag item to quantitatively analyze the value chain construction effect and its spatial spillover brought by OFDI,answers how the value chain correlation and the value chain relative position index are affected by the dual influence of China’s OFDI to the host country and China’s OFDI to the"neighboring country" of the host country,and divides the host country according to "Belt and Road countries" and "non-Belt and Road countries" to study the spatial spillover effect of the value chain construction effect within and between regions,so as to better grasp the actual value chain construction effect of OFDI in China under GVCs.The measurement results show that China’s OFDI not only enhances the value chain relationship with the host country,but also further closes the value chain relationship with other countries through the spatial spillover effect;at the same time,it also plays a positive role in improving China’s division of labor in GVCs,not only in terms of the relative improvement of the division of labor compared with the host country,but also in improving the division of labor compared with the third country due to the spatial spillover effect.The above findings are not only helpful for us to objectively understand and evaluate the practical effect of China’s OFDI in building a GVC,but also have some policy implications for how to further reshape and optimize the GVC to better play the role of "going out".
作者
戴翔
宋婕
Dai Xiang;Song Jie(School of Economics,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期125-139,共15页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学一般项目(19YJA790016)
江苏省高校人文社会科学校外研究基地项目(2017ZSJD020)
江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究建设基地项目(2018ZDJD-B008)。
作者简介
戴翔(1980-),男,安徽合肥人,南京审计大学经济学院教授;宋婕(1995-),女,四川成都人,南京审计大学经济学院研究生。
